Microfabricated and 3-D printed electroconductive hydrogels of PEDOT:PSS and their application in bioelectronics.

Biofabrication techniques such as microlithography and 3-D bioprinting have emerged in recent years as technologies capable of rendering complex, biocompatible constructs for biosensors, tissue and regenerative engineering and bioelectronics. While instruments and processes have been the subject of immense advancement, multifunctional bioinks have received less attention. A novel photocrosslinkable, hybrid bioactive and inherently conductive bioink formed from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) nanomaterials within poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-polyethyleneglycol methacrylate) p(HEMA-co-EGMA) was used to render complex hydrogel constructs through microlithographic fabrication and 3-D printing.

Biotechnical Properties of Poly(HEMA--HPMA) Hydrogels Are Governed by Distribution among Water States.

Controlling the biotechnical properties of synthetic hydrogels allows their application in a wide range of biomedical fields. Cross-linker concentration and monomer mole ratio of poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate---(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide) [poly(HEMA--HPMA)]-based hydrogels were used to control the degree of hydration and water distribution within constructs. Cross-linker concentrations corresponding to 0.