Novel factors to improve prediction of nodal positivity in patients with clinical T1/T2 breast cancers.

Background: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) and MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) have established nomograms to predict sentinel node positivity. We propose the addition of two novel variables-distance of tumor from the nipple and from the skin-can improve their performance.

Methods: Ultrasounds of clinical T1/T2 tumors were reviewed.

Should axillary ultrasound be used in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ?

Background: We evaluated the usefulness of axillary ultrasound (US) in patients with core biopsy-proven ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

Methods: Preoperative axillary US, fine-needle aspiration (FNA), and sentinel lymph node (SLN) data from women with DCIS were reviewed.

Results: Eighty-two women with DCIS underwent axillary US.

Distance of breast cancer from the skin and nipple impacts axillary nodal metastases.

Background: Lymphatic drainage of the breast is via subareolar and dermal lymphatics. The aim of this study was to determine whether distance of breast cancers from the skin and/or distance from the nipple impacts the likelihood of axillary nodal metastases.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of sonographically visible T1 and T2 breast cancers with breast and axillary surgery performed at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.