Management of Soybean Cyst Nematode and Sudden Death Syndrome with Nematode-Protectant Seed Treatments Across Multiple Environments in Soybean.

As soybean () production continues to expand in the United States and Canada, so do pathogens and pests that directly threaten soybean yield potential and economic returns for farmers. One such pathogen is the soybean cyst nematode (SCN; ). SCN has traditionally been managed using SCN-resistant cultivars and rotation with nonhost crops, but the interaction of SCN with sudden death syndrome (SDS; caused by ) in the field makes management more difficult.

Uncovering the Infection Strategy of During Maize Colonization: A Comprehensive Analysis.

Tar spot, a disease caused by the ascomycete fungal pathogen , is considered one of the most significant yield-limiting diseases of maize () within the United States. may also be found in association with other fungi, forming a disease complex that is thought to result in the characteristic fisheye lesions. Understanding how colonizes maize leaf cells is essential for developing effective disease control strategies.

A global-temporal analysis on Phytophthora sojae resistance-gene efficacy.

Plant disease resistance genes are widely used in agriculture to reduce disease outbreaks and epidemics and ensure global food security. In soybean, Rps (Resistance to Phytophthora sojae) genes are used to manage Phytophthora sojae, a major oomycete pathogen that causes Phytophthora stem and root rot (PRR) worldwide. This study aims to identify temporal changes in P.

Investigations into Economic Returns Resulting from Foliar Fungicides and Application Timing on Management of Tar Spot in Indiana Hybrid Corn.

Tar spot, caused by , is the most significant yield-limiting disease of corn ( L.) in Indiana. Currently, fungicides are an effective management tool for this disease, and partial returns from their use under different disease severity conditions has not previously been studied.

Assessment of symptom induction via artificial inoculation of the obligate biotrophic fungus Phyllachora maydis (Maubl.) on corn leaves.

Objective: Tar spot is a foliar disease of corn caused by Phyllachora maydis, which produces signs in the form of stromata that bear conidia and ascospores. Phyllachora maydis cannot be cultured in media; therefore, the inoculum source for studying tar spot comprises leaves with stromata collected from naturally infected plants. Currently, there is no effective protocol to induce infection under controlled conditions.

Monitoring tar spot disease in corn at different canopy and temporal levels using aerial multispectral imaging and machine learning.

Introduction: Tar spot is a high-profile disease, causing various degrees of yield losses on corn ( L.) in several countries throughout the Americas. Disease symptoms usually appear at the lower canopy in corn fields with a history of tar spot infection, making it difficult to monitor the disease with unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) because of occlusion.

Determining the Distribution of QoI Fungicide-Resistant on Soybean from Indiana.

Frogeye leaf spot (FLS) is a foliar disease of soybean () caused by . Application of fungicide products that contain quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) active ingredients has been one of the major tools used in the management of this disease, but, since 2010, QoI-resistant isolates have been confirmed in over 20 states in the United States, including Indiana. In summer 2019 and 2020, 406 isolates of were collected from 32 counties across Indiana and screened for QoI resistance using a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method.

Field and Greenhouse Assessment of Seed Treatment Fungicides for Management of Sudden Death Syndrome and Yield Response of Soybean.

Seed treatments for the management of sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by are available in the United States and Canada; however, side-by-side comparisons of these seed treatments are lacking. Sixteen field experiments were established in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, and Wisconsin, United States, and Ontario, Canada, in 2019 and 2020 to evaluate seed treatment combinations. Treatments included a nontreated check (NTC), fungicide and insecticide base seed treatments (base), fluopyram, base + fluopyram, base + saponin extracts from , base + fluopyram + heat-killed , base + pydiflumetofen, base + thiabendazole + heat-killed , and base + thiabendazole + extracts heat-killed .

Parental Inbred Lines of the Nested Association Mapping (NAM) Population of Corn Show Sources of Resistance to Tar Spot in Northern Indiana.

Tar spot is a major foliar disease of corn caused by the obligate fungal pathogen , first identified in Indiana in 2015. Under conducive weather conditions, causes significant yield losses in the United States and other countries, constituting a major threat to corn production. Relatively little is known about resistance to tar spot other than a major quantitative gene that was identified in tropical maize lines.

Contour-Based Detection and Quantification of Tar Spot Stromata Using Red-Green-Blue (RGB) Imagery.

Quantifying symptoms of tar spot of corn has been conducted through visual-based estimations of the proportion of leaf area covered by the pathogenic structures generated by (stromata). However, this traditional approach is costly in terms of time and labor, as well as prone to human subjectivity. An objective and accurate method, which is also time and labor-efficient, is of an urgent need for tar spot surveillance and high-throughput disease phenotyping.

Pathotype Complexity and Genetic Characterization of Populations in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio.

, the causal agent of Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean, has been managed with single genes since the 1960s but has subsequently adapted to many of these resistance genes, rendering them ineffective. The objective of this study was to examine the pathotype and genetic diversity of from soil samples across Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio by assessing which genes were still effective and identifying possible population clusters. There were 218 pathotypes identified from 473 isolates with an average of 6.

Wheat Spike Blast Image Classification Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks.

Wheat blast is a threat to global wheat production, and limited blast-resistant cultivars are available. The current estimations of wheat spike blast severity rely on human assessments, but this technique could have limitations. Reliable visual disease estimations paired with Red Green Blue (RGB) images of wheat spike blast can be used to train deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) for disease severity (DS) classification.

Meta-Analysis of Soybean Yield Response to Foliar Fungicides Evaluated from 2005 to 2018 in the United States and Canada.

Random-effect meta-analyses were performed on data from 240 field trials conducted between 2005 and 2018 across nine U.S. states and Ontario, Canada, to quantify the yield response of soybean after application of foliar fungicides at beginning pod (R3) stage.

Draft Genome Sequence Resource for -An Obligate Pathogen That Causes Tar Spot of Corn with Recent Economic Impacts in the United States.

is an important fungal pathogen that causes tar spot of corn and has led to significant yield loss in the United States and other countries. is an obligate biotroph belonging to the Sordariomycetes class of Ascomycota. Due to the challenges posed by their obligate nature, there is no genome sequence available in the genus.