Location-biased β-arrestin conformations direct GPCR signaling.

β-arrestins are multifunctional intracellular proteins that regulate the desensitization, internalization and signaling of over 800 different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and interact with a diverse array of cellular partners. Beyond the plasma membrane, GPCRs can initiate unique signaling cascades from various subcellular locations, a phenomenon known as "location bias". Here, we investigate how β-arrestins direct location-biased signaling of the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R).

Healthcare Resource Use and Costs Among Individuals with Vitiligo and Psychosocial Comorbidities: Retrospective Analysis of an Insured US Population.

Purpose: This study aimed to describe healthcare resource utilization and costs among individuals with vitiligo who were diagnosed with ≥1 psychosocial comorbidity, using data from US claims databases.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective, observational cohort analysis of the IBM MarketScan Commercial and Medicare supplemental claims databases for US individuals with vitiligo aged ≥12 years and a first vitiligo claim between January 1 and December 31, 2018, was undertaken to assess psychosocial burden, including mental and behavioral health comorbidities.

Results: Of the 12,427 individuals included in the analysis, nearly 1 in 4 (23.

B NMR Spectroscopy: Structural Analysis of the Acidity and Reactivity of Phenyl Boronic Acid-Diol Condensations.

Phenyl boronic acids are valuable for medical diagnostics and biochemistry studies due to their ability to readily bind with carbohydrates in water. Incorporated in carbohydrates are 1,2-diols, which react with boronic acids through a reversible covalent condensation pathway. A wide variety of boronic acids have been employed for diol binding with differing substitution of the phenyl ring, with the goals of simplifying their synthesis and altering their thermodynamics of complexation.

Facial Nerve Palsy as a Common Presentation during the Epidemic of Coronavirus Disease Associated Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis.

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to highlight the involvement of the facial nerve as one of the presenting symptoms in patients suspected of coronavirus disease associated mucormycosis (CAM).

Methods: This is a retrospective observational study conducted at a tertiary care referral centre which included 300 patients with past history of being treated for coronavirus disease and who presented to our department with symptoms of invasive fungal sinusitis. All the patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically for presence of facial nerve palsy (FNP) in suspected cases of CAM.

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: the Bench.

Purpose Of Review: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is an uncommon complication of acute pulmonary embolism (PE), in which the red, platelet-rich thrombus does not resolve but forms into an organized yellow, fibrotic scar-like obstruction in the pulmonary vasculature. Here we review the pathobiology of CTEPH.

Recent Findings: Our current knowledge has predominantly been informed by studies of human samples and animal models that are inherently limited in their ability to recapitulate all aspects of the disease.

Do Trauma Patients Aged 55 and Older Benefit from Air Medical Transport?

Introduction: A recent analysis of the National Sample Project demonstrated that the mortality benefits of air medical transport do not extend to patients age 55 or older. The purpose of the current investigation was to evaluate mortality benefits of air transport in adult trauma patients ≥ 55 years of age.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of all adult patients greater than age 55 years directly transported from a trauma scene to a Level I or II facility was conducted.

Effect of Geriatric-Specific Trauma Triage Criteria on Outcomes in Injured Older Adults: A Statewide Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect on outcomes of the Ohio Department of Public Safety statewide geriatric triage criteria, established in 2009 for emergency medical services (EMS) to use for injured individuals aged 70 and older.

Design: Retrospective cohort study of the Ohio Trauma Registry.

Setting: All hospitals in Ohio.

Geriatric-specific triage criteria are more sensitive than standard adult criteria in identifying need for trauma center care in injured older adults.

Study Objective: We evaluate the sensitivity of Ohio's 2009 emergency medical services (EMS) geriatric trauma triage criteria compared with the previous adult triage criteria in identifying need for trauma center care among older adults.

Methods: We studied a retrospective cohort of injured patients aged 16 years or older in the 2006 to 2011 Ohio Trauma Registry. Patients aged 70 years or older were considered geriatric.

The diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Acute mesenteric ischemia is an infrequent cause of abdominal pain in emergency department (ED) patients; however, mortality for this condition is high. Rapid diagnosis and surgery are key to survival, but presenting signs are often vague or variable, and there is no pathognomonic laboratory screening test. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature was performed to determine diagnostic test characteristics of patient symptoms, objective signs, laboratory studies, and diagnostic modalities to help rule in or out the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia in the ED.

Immobilization of R. erythropolis in alginate-based artificial cells for simulated plaque degradation in aqueous media.

Cholesterol degradation rates of free and immobilized Rhodococcus erythropolis (ATCC # 25544) were studied utilizing the bacterium's cholesterol oxidase enzyme pathway to degrade cholesterol in an aqueous simulated non-calcified plaque solution. An L16 (4(5)) Taguchi design was used to minimize the glycolipid bio-surfactant by-product in the growth medium, to improve bacterial viability in the immobilized state. As an expected outcome of miniaturization, there is a significant difference between the atomized (d = 850 ± 50 μm) and inkjet-bioprinted (d = 32 ± 5 μm) lumped kinetic degradation rates after 48 h (p = 0.

Regulation of intracellular calcium is closely linked to glucose metabolism in J774 macrophages.

The effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2dGlc) and glucose deprivation were investigated in the J774 murine macrophage-like cell line. 2dGlc addition or glucose deprivation for 4 min led to an inhibition in the transient increase in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) that otherwise occurs in response to three different agonists: IgG, ATP and platelet activating factor. This inhibition was preceded by a partial release of Ca2+ from intracellular, thapsigargin-sensitive stores.