Low-loss contacts on textured substrates for inverted perovskite solar cells.

Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) promise enhanced operating stability compared to their normal-structure counterparts. To improve efficiency further, it is crucial to combine effective light management with low interfacial losses. Here we develop a conformal self-assembled monolayer (SAM) as the hole-selective contact on light-managing textured substrates.

Engineering ligand reactivity enables high-temperature operation of stable perovskite solar cells.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) consisting of interfacial two- and three-dimensional heterostructures that incorporate ammonium ligand intercalation have enabled rapid progress toward the goal of uniting performance with stability. However, as the field continues to seek ever-higher durability, additional tools that avoid progressive ligand intercalation are needed to minimize degradation at high temperatures. We used ammonium ligands that are nonreactive with the bulk of perovskites and investigated a library that varies ligand molecular structure systematically.

Impact of Covid-19 pandemic lockdown on the urban litter and clean environment index.

Changing the level of pollution in the urban environment is one of the consequences of Covid-19. Litter are one of the most important urban pollutants affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. In this research, the pollution level of urban areas during the Covid-19 pandemic was investigated by studying the urban environment.

A multiscale ion diffusion framework sheds light on the diffusion-stability-hysteresis nexus in metal halide perovskites.

Stability and current-voltage hysteresis stand as major obstacles to the commercialization of metal halide perovskites. Both phenomena have been associated with ion migration, with anecdotal evidence that stable devices yield low hysteresis. However, the underlying mechanisms of the complex stability-hysteresis link remain elusive.

Spatial and temporal variation of CBPI and leakage of heavy metals from cigarette butts into the urban environment.

More than 5 trillion cigarettes are produced in the world every year. This hazardous waste is one of the most important litter in the environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the density and dispersion of cigarette butts in the urban environment and to estimate the leakage of pollution from it to the environment.

A universal co-solvent dilution strategy enables facile and cost-effective fabrication of perovskite photovoltaics.

Cost management and toxic waste generation are two key issues that must be addressed before the commercialization of perovskite optoelectronic devices. We report a groundbreaking strategy for eco-friendly and cost-effective fabrication of highly efficient perovskite solar cells. This strategy involves the usage of a high volatility co-solvent, which dilutes perovskite precursors to a lower concentration (<0.

Aspirin Sensitivity in Patients with Moderate to Severe Asthma.

Asthma induced by ingestion of aspirin occurs when symptoms arise within 30 minutes to three hours after aspirin consumption. Previous data indicate that sensitivity to aspirin may be associated with poorly controlled asthma. This study aims to evaluate the frequency of aspirin sensitivity in patients with moderate to severe asthma receiving conventional asthma therapy.

Characteristics, Etiology and Treatment of Pediatric and Adult Anaphylaxis in Iran.

Despite the increasing prevalence of anaphylaxis, there is little information about the characteristics and practice of healthcare providers in treating anaphylaxis, so this study was conducted to record the characteristics and therapeutic approaches of anaphylaxis from May 2012 until April 2015, the data of all patients diagnosed with anaphylaxis in the Allergy department of three referral university hospitals in Tehran, Iran were recorded. Thereafter, the demographics, clinical features, triggers and therapeutic approach were evaluated. This study investigated 136 individuals, 64 males (47%) between 6 months and 68 years old, as well as 72 others (52.

LPS-Responsive Beige-Like Anchor Gene Mutation Associated With Possible Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia Associated With Hypogammaglobulinemia and Normal IgM Phenotype and Low Number of B Cells.

LPS-Responsive Beige-like Anchor (LRBA) deficiency is a disease which has recently been described in a group of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) in association with autoimmunity and/or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-like phenotype. We here describe a 10-year-old boy who experienced recurrent infections, mainly in the respiratory system, associated with thrombocytopenia and anemia. Immunological workup showed low numbers of B cells and low IgG, but normal IgM levels.

Generalized eruptive histiocytomas and rosai-dorfman disease presenting concurrently in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome.

Non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses were originally described as individual diagnoses. However, evidence has been mounting that these entities are manifestations on a spectrum of the same disease. The authors present a patient who initially presented with lymphadenopathy, pancytopenia, splenomegaly, and high-grade fevers.

Wells syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis): a clinical imitator of bacterial cellulitis.

Objective: To report a case of Wells syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis) in a patient who was previously hospitalized twice and received several antibiotic treatments.

Setting: Inpatient hospital consultation.

Participant: One patient diagnosed with Wells Syndrome based on supporting clinical history, histopathological examination, and other laboratory data.

Cutaneous rosai-dorfman disease persisting after surgical excision: report of a case treated with acitretin.

Objective: Cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease is rare, and there is a lack of literature on clinical evidence for treatment options. The objective of this report is to illustrate that acitretin may be effective in treating cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease.

Design: A patient with cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease refractory to antibiotics, steroids, and surgical excision was treated with acitretin for a period of four months and was closely monitored for improvement in the lesion.

New targets of therapy in T-cell lymphomas.

T-cell lymphomas (TCL) are characterized by poor response to chemotherapy and generally poor outcome. While molecular profiling has identified distinct biological subsets and therapeutic targets in B-cell lymphomas, the molecular characterization of TCL has been slower. Surface markers expressed on malignant T-cells, such as CD2, CD3, CD4, CD25, and CD52 were the first TCL-specific therapeutic targets to be discovered.

A New Kid on the Block: IL-10+ Regulatory B Cells and a Possible Role In Psoriasis.

The pivotal role of T cells in the etiology of psoriasis has been elucidated; however, the mechanisms that regulate these T cells are unclear. Recently, it has been shown that an IL-10 producing B cell population may downregulate T cell function and it has been hypothesized that depletion of this B cell population may lead to exacerbation of T-cell mediated autoimmune disease. We present the case of an adolescent male with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) being treated with the anti-CD20 chimeric monoclonal antibody rituximab in addition to intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) who developed a psoriasiform rash on his hands following mechanical trauma with concomitant severely decreased B cell count.

Infectious complications in patients with psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis treated with antitumor necrosis factor agents and methotrexate.

Treatment of patients with moderate-severe psoriasis and/or psoriatic arthritis includes systemic biologic, antimetabolite, and immunosuppressive therapy. However, adverse events such as serious infectious complications must be considered before starting therapy and throughout treatment. The authors describe the case of a male on combination etanercept and methotrexate for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis for years who developed a spontaneous epidural abscess with resulting quadriplegia.

The role of Malassezia in atopic dermatitis affecting the head and neck of adults.

Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic skin condition. A subset of patients with head and neck dermatitis may have a reaction to Malassezia flora fueling their disease. Although there are no documented differences in Malassezia species colonization, patients with head and neck atopic dermatitis are more likely to have positive skin prick test results and Malassezia-specific IgE compared with healthy control subjects and patients with atopy without head and neck dermatitis.

Acute hemolysis of transfused A2 red cells by an auto-HI antibody.

Background: Anti-HI is a common cold autoantibody that complicates serologic testing for underlying alloantibodies and has only rarely been associated with hemolysis. An unusual case of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR) due to an anti-HI autoantibody in a subgroup A1 patient transfused with A2 red blood cells (RBCs) is reported.

Case Report: A 56-year-old man presented to the hospital with anemia and gastrointestinal tract bleeding.

Novel insight into the agonistic mechanism of alefacept in vivo: differentially expressed genes may serve as biomarkers of response in psoriasis patients.

Alefacept is an LFA3-Ig fusion protein that binds to CD2 and is thought to inhibit T cell activation by antagonism of CD2 signaling or by lysis of CD2(+) cells. Alefacept is potential future therapeutic for organ transplant recipients or graft-vs-host disease and is an approved therapeutic for psoriasis vulgaris, which is a T cell-mediated inflammatory disease. However, alefacept improves psoriasis in only approximately 50% of patients treated for 12 wk.

Human basal cell carcinoma is associated with Foxp3+ T cells in a Th2 dominant microenvironment.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most common human cancer, undergoes spontaneous regression in certain circumstances, which is potentially immune-mediated. To understand the immune response surrounding BCCs, we characterized the genomic, protein, and cellular microenvironment associated with BCC in comparison to normal skin. Our results demonstrated the following: (1) CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ surround epithelial tumor aggregates; (2) Immature dendritic cells (DCs) were abundant in the tumor microenvironment; (3) BCC showed increased expression of IL-4, IL-10, and CCL22 and increased expression of interferon-associated genes (IFI27, IRF1, IRF7, and G1P2) and IL-12/23, gene indicating a Th2 dominant microenvironment.