Differences of lumbosacral kinematics between degenerative and induced spondylolisthetic spine.

Objective: To investigate the differences of lumbosacral kinematics between degenerative and induced spondylolisthetic subjects.

Design: Translations and angulations of spondylolisthetic spine from L1-L2 to L5-S1 were documented by taking X-ray films at flexion, standing and extension positions.

Background: The unstable mechanism of spondylolisthesis leads to lower back pain.