Outcome of labour in nullipara at term with unengaged vertex.

Background: Primigravidas with unengaged foetal head at term should be regarded as high risk cases. It is seen that nuglliparous women with the floating foetal head demonstrate higher rates of caesarean section than those with dipping or engaged head in early labour. These cases should be regarded as high risk and identified early and should be referred to a tertiary care centre where good facilities for operative delivery are available.

Successful treatment of primary renal lymphoma using image guided helical tomotherapy.

Purpose: To describe a clinical pilot case of renal lymphoma successfully treated using helical tomotherapy, and to evaluate alternative hypofractionated treatment schedules and their potential applicability to future cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Patients And Methods: An 82-year-old female patient with a large right perinephric mass encircling the lower pole of the right kidney was treated on the Hi-ART unit (TomoTherapy Inc. Madison, WI, USA) with daily pretreatment megavoltage CT imaging.

Management and prognosis in synchronous solitary resected brain metastasis from non-small-cell lung cancer.

Background: Reports in the medical literature have described cases of extended survival of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with solitary metastatic disease who have received aggressive treatment both to the brain metastasis and to the local/regional disease. The objective of this research is to analyze prognostic factors that predict for outcome in this unique patient population.

Patients And Methods: A single-institution, retrospective chart review was performed on 35 patients with NSCLC and a synchronous solitary brain metastasis (SSBM) treated with craniotomy and whole-brain radiation therapy.

Effect of interval to definitive breast surgery on clinical presentation and survival in early-stage invasive breast cancer.

Purpose: To examine the effect of clinical presentation and interval to breast surgery on local recurrence and survival in early-stage breast cancer.

Methods And Materials: The data from 397 patients with Stage T1-T2N0 breast carcinoma treated with conservative surgery and breast radiotherapy between 1985 and 1992 were reviewed at the London Regional Cancer Program. The clinical presentation consisted of a mammogram finding or a palpable lump.

Interaction of a cationic gemini surfactant with conventional surfactants in the mixed micelle and monolayer formation in aqueous medium.

Mixed micellization and surface properties of binary mixtures of cationic gemini surfactant butanediyl-alpha,omega-bis(dimethylcetylammonium bromide) (G4, 16-4-16) with conventional surfactants cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT), and polyoxyethylene 10 cetyl ether (Brij56) have been studied using conductometric and tensiometric methods. To explain and compare the results theoretical models of Rubingh, Rosen, Clint, and Maeda have been used to obtain the interaction parameter, minimum area per molecule, surface excess, mixed micelle composition, free energies of micellization and adsorption, and activity coefficients. The activity coefficients and experimental critical micelle concentration (cmc) values are less than unity indicating synergism in micelles as well as at interface.

Solubilization capabilities of mixtures of cationic Gemini surfactant with conventional cationic, nonionic and anionic surfactants towards polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Solubilization capabilities of equimolar mixed micellar solutions of Gemini surfactant, C(16)H(33)N(+)(CH(3))(2)(CH(2))(5)N(+)(CH(3))(2) C(16)H(33) 2Br(-) (G) with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) and Brij56 towards polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), viz pyrene and anthracene are studied spectophotometrically at 25 degrees C and then compared. The results showed that irrespective of the surfactant type, the solubility of PAHs increases linearly with increasing surfactant concentration, as a consequence of association between the PAH and micelles. Solubilization capacity has been quantified in terms of molar solubilization ratio (MSR), micelle-water partition coefficient (K(m)), ratio of binding constant (K(1)) between the micelle and PAH to the aggregation number (N) of surfactant solution and free energy of solubilization (DeltaG(s)(0)) of PAHs.

BTG3 tumor suppressor gene promoter demethylation, histone modification and cell cycle arrest by genistein in renal cancer.

BTG3/ANA/APRO4 has been reported to be a tumor suppressor gene in some malignancies. It constitutes important negative regulatory mechanism for Src-mediated signaling, a negative regulator of the cell cycle and inhibits transcription factor E2F1. We report that BTG3 is downregulated in renal cancer and that the mechanism of inactivation is through promoter hypermethylation.

MT1-MMP and RECK are involved in human CD34+ progenitor cell retention, egress, and mobilization.

The mechanisms governing hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization are not fully understood. We report higher membrane type 1-MMP (MT1-MMP) and lower expression of the MT1-MMP inhibitor, reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK), on isolated circulating human CD34+ progenitor cells compared with immature BM cells. The expression of MT1-MMP correlated with clinical mobilization of CD34+ cells in healthy donors and patients with lymphoid malignancies.

Ribozyme-mediated targeting of IkappaBgamma inhibits melanoma invasion and metastasis.

IkappaBgamma is one member of a family of proteins that can inhibit the nuclear localization of nuclear factor-kappaB. However, the other specific functions of IkappaBgamma are still poorly understood, and its effects on tumor metastasis have not yet been characterized. We examined the consequences of targeting IkappaBgamma in melanoma cells using a hammerhead ribozyme.

Effect of surfactant mixing on partitioning of model hydrophobic drug, naproxen, between aqueous and micellar phases.

Mixed surfactants may improve the performance of surfactant-enhanced solubilization of drugs and thus can serve as the tool for increased bioavalaibility, controlled drug release, and targeted delivery. Solubilization of Naproxen by micellar solutions at 25 degrees C using single and mixed surfactant systems was measured and compared. Solubilization capacity determined with spectrophotometry and tensiometry has been quantified in terms of molar solubilization ratio, micelle-water partition coefficient, and locus of solubilization.

Missile diaphragmatic injuries: kashmir experience.

Background: Importance of repairing a diaphragmatic tear due to a missile injury cannot be overemphasized. Even a small diaphragmatic rent should be repaired because of morbidity and mortality caused by subsequent herniation and strangulation.

Methods: Fifty-three cases with diaphragmatic injuries caused by penetrating missiles were studied from January 1997 to January 2007.

Helicobacter pylori single-stranded DNA binding protein--functional characterization and modulation of H. pylori DnaB helicase activity.

Helicobacter pylori, an important bacterial pathogen, causes gastric ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma in humans. The fundamentals of basic biology such as DNA replication are poorly understood in this pathogen. In the present study, we report the cloning and functional characterization of the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein from H.

The aurora kinase A regulates GSK-3beta in gastric cancer cells.

Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is located at 20q13, a region that is frequently amplified in gastric cancer. In this study, we have investigated the role of AURKA in regulating glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta and beta-catenin/TCF complex in gastric cancer cells. Our results demonstrate a significant increase in the phosphorylation of GSK-3beta at Ser 9 following the overexpression of AURKA in AGS cells.

Aurora kinase A inhibition leads to p73-dependent apoptosis in p53-deficient cancer cells.

We investigated the role of Aurora kinase A (AURKA) in regulating p73-dependent apoptosis using the p53-deficient cancer cell lines H1299, TE7, and HCT116p53(-/-). Overexpression of AURKA led to down-regulation of the TAp73-induced activation of the p53/p73-dependent luciferase reporter plasmid (pG13-luc). The reduction in the TAp73 transcription activity was confirmed by measuring the activity of luciferase reporters for p21/WAF1, and PUMA.

Protein kinase PKR mutants resistant to the poxvirus pseudosubstrate K3L protein.

As part of the mammalian cell innate immune response, the double-stranded RNA activated protein kinase PKR phosphorylates the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha to inhibit protein synthesis and thus block viral replication. Poxviruses including vaccinia and smallpox viruses express PKR inhibitors such as the vaccinia virus K3L protein that resembles the N-terminal substrate-targeting domain of eIF2alpha. Whereas high-level expression of human PKR was toxic in yeast, this growth inhibition was suppressed by coexpression of the K3L protein.

Small molecule recognition of c-Src via the Imatinib-binding conformation.

The cancer drug, Imatinib, is a selective Abl kinase inhibitor that does not inhibit the closely related kinase c-Src. This one drug and its ability to selectively inhibit Abl over c-Src has been a guiding principle in virtually all kinase drug discovery efforts in the last 15 years. A prominent hypothesis explaining the selectivity of Imatinib is that Abl has an intrinsic ability to adopt an inactive conformation (termed DFG-out), whereas c-Src appears to pay a high intrinsic energetic penalty for adopting this conformation, effectively excluding Imatinib from its ATP pocket.

Aegiceras corniculatum extract suppresses initial and late phases of inflammation in rat paw and attenuates the production of eicosanoids in rat neutrophils and human platelets.

Aim Of The Study: The present study is designed to explore the anti-inflammatory potential of Aegiceras corniculatum Linn. Blanco stems extracts and their mechanism of action against various pro-inflammatory mediators and to validate its traditional use against inflammatory diseases.

Materials And Methods: Rat paw edema and peritonitis models were employed for in vivo studies.

A study on antioxidant, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective actions of Aegiceras corniculatum (stem) extracts.

Aim Of The Study: The present study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective potential of Aegiceras corniculatum Linn. Blanco (Aegicerataceae).

Methods And Results: The n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts, derived from Aegiceras corniculatum stems, scavenged superoxide anions (O2*) and hydroxyl radicals (*OH) in nitro blue tetrazolium reduction and deoxyribose degradation assays, respectively.

Sci-Thurs PM: Delivery-07: Evaluation of prospects to use daily megavoltage CT studies for adaptive radiotherapy.

Purpose: To evaluate gross tumor volume (GTV) changes for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients using daily megavoltage CT (MVCT) studies acquired before each treatment fraction on helical tomotherapy, and to relate the potential benefit of adaptive image-guided radiotherapy to changes in GTV.

Methods: 17 patients were prescribed 30 fractions of radiotherapy on helical tomotherapy for NSCLC at London Regional Cancer Program from December 2005 to March 2007. The GTV was contoured on the daily MVCT studies of each patient.

Atrial myxoma: trends in management.

Myxomas are the most common type of cardiac tumours in all age groups accounting for one-third to one-half of cases at postmortum and for about three quarter of tumours treated surgically. Most atrial myxomas, whether left or right, arise from the atrial septum. About 10% have other sites of origin, particularly posterior wall, anterior wall and the appendages (in order of frequency).

Expression of t-DARPP mediates trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer cells.

Purpose: We have investigated the role of t-DARPP in trastuzumab resistance in ERBB2-amplified and overexpressed breast cancer cell lines.

Experimental Design: We have used the HR-5 and HR-6 trastuzumab-resistant cells that were established from tumors that recurred in the presence of trastuzumab therapy following xenografts of BT-474 cells in nude mice. In addition, SKBR-3 cells, engineered for stable expression of t-DARPP, and HCC-1569 cells, which have constitutive expression of t-DARPP and are de novo resistant to trastuzumab, were used.

The number of axillary nodes removed as a predictor of regional recurrence in node negative breast cancer.

Purpose: To determine if the number of axillary nodes removed is a predictor of recurrence in node negative breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: Five hundred thirty-six patients with T1-T2, N0 invasive breast cancer, treated with lumpectomy and axillary node dissection (AND), were reviewed from January 1, 1986 to December 31, 1992. Patients received radiation to whole breast only, without regional nodal radiation.

Micellization and interfacial behavior of binary and ternary mixtures of model cationic and nonionic surfactants in aqueous NaCl medium.

Mixed micelle formation and interfacial properties of aqueous binary and ternary combinations of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C(16)Br), hexadecylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride (C(16)BzCl) and polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl ether (Brij58) at 25 degrees C in 30 mM aqueous NaCl have been studied in detail employing tensiometric and fluorimetric techniques. The micellar and adsorption characteristics like composition, activity coefficients, mutual interaction parameters and free energy of micellization have been estimated using the theoretical approaches of Clint, Rosen, Rubingh, Blankschtein et al., Rubingh-Holland and Maeda.

Oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG-ODN) predominantly induce Th1-type immune response in neonatal chicks.

Earlier, we demonstrated that intramuscular administration of oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG-ODN) induces protection in neonatal chicks against a lethal challenge of Escherichia coli. However, the mechanism of induction of the protection was not clear. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of induced protection, we determined the kinetics of expression of cytokines/chemokines in the spleen and bursa of Fabricius of newly hatched chicks that had received intramuscular administration of CpG-ODN or non-CpG ODN compared to saline-treated controls.

Attenuated cytokine responses in porcine lymph node cells stimulated with CpG DNA are associated with low frequency of IFNalpha-producing cells and TLR9 mRNA expression.

The immune stimulatory effects of synthetic CpG DNA, on porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) have been reported, but little is known about CpG-induced responses in other lymphoid tissues of pigs. We investigated innate immune responses induced by CpG DNA in cells from blood, lymph nodes (LN) and spleens of pigs. Porcine PBMC and lymph node cells (LNC) were stimulated in vitro with three classes (A-, B- and C-class) of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), and a non-CpG control ODN.