The conversion of tropical natural forests alters soil carbon fractions in aggregates and reduces aggregates stability.

Tropical soils, which are characterized by high temperature and high humidity, play a significant role in the global carbon cycle. Soil aggregates are crucial for physically protecting soil organic carbon (SOC), and active organic carbon fractions exhibit a rapid response to changes in soil aggregates. Nevertheless, limited research has been conducted on the impacts of natural forest (NF) conversion on soil aggregates and aggregate-associated carbon fractions, particularly in tropical regions of China.

A static magnetic field enhances the repair of osteoarthritic cartilage by promoting the migration of stem cells and chondrogenesis.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects of static magnetic field (SMF) and its regulatory mechanism in the repair of osteoarthritic cartilage.

Methods: Fourteen-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the sham operation group and the osteoarthritis (OA) groups with and without SMF application. SMF was applied at 200 ​mT for two consecutive weeks.

Mechanical Loading Promotes the Migration of Endogenous Stem Cells and Chondrogenic Differentiation in a Mouse Model of Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major health problem, characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration. Previous works have shown that mechanical loading can alleviate OA symptoms by suppressing catabolic activities. This study evaluated whether mechanical loading can enhance anabolic activities by facilitating the recruitment of stem cells for chondrogenesis.

Retrospective case-control study on screening risk factors of antibiotic-associated encephalopathy in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Objective: The renal excretion function of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is reduced, and the nervous system toxic reactions of antibiotics are prone to occur. The purpose of this study is to screen out some risk factors for patients with CKD to suffer from antibiotic-associated encephalopathy (AAE).

Design: A case-control study.

Functionalized PAMAM-based Nanoformulation for Targeted Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: The efficacy of a traditional anticancer drug is challenged by adverse effects of the drug, including its nonspecific bio-distribution, short half-life, and side effects. Dendrimer-based targeted drug delivery system has been considered a promising strategy to increase targeting ability and reduce adverse effects of anti-cancer drugs.

Objective: This study analyzed the feasibility of whether the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) could be delivered by functionalized fifth-poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) with the peptide WP05 and the acetic anhydride to the liver cancer cells, reducing the toxicity of the PAMAM and improving the targeting property of 5-FU during delivery.

Knee Loading Enhances the Migration of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells to the Osteoarthritic Sites Through the SDF-1/CXCR4 Regulatory Axis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole joint disorder that is characterized by cartilage damage and abnormal remodeling of subchondral bone. Injecting adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) into the knee joint cavity can assist in repairing osteoarthritic joints, but their ability to migrate to the damaged site is limited. Our previous studies have shown that knee loading can improve the symptoms of OA, but the effect and mechanism of knee loading on the migration of ASCs in OA remain unclear.

Mechanical loading mitigates osteoarthritis symptoms by regulating the inflammatory microenvironment in a mouse model.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic diseases, in which inflammatory responses in the articular cavity induce chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degeneration. While mechanical loading is reported to mitigate synovial inflammation, the mechanism and pathways for the loading-driven improvement of OA symptoms remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the loading effects on M1/M2 polarization of synovial macrophages via performing histology, cytology, and molecular analyses.

Loading-driven PI3K/Akt signaling and erythropoiesis enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis in a postmenopausal osteoporosis mouse model.

Bone vasculature influences osteogenesis and haematopoiesis in the bone microenviroment. Mechanical loading has been shown to stimulate the formation of osteogenesis-related type H vessels in an ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis mouse model. To determine the loading-driven mechanism of angiogenesis and the formation of type H vessels in bone, we evaluated the roles of PI3K/Akt signaling and erythropoiesis in the bone marrow.

Mechanical loading attenuates breast cancer-associated bone metastasis in obese mice by regulating the bone marrow microenvironment.

Breast cancer, a common malignancy for women, preferentially metastasizes to bone and obesity elevates the chance of its progression. While mechanical loading can suppress obesity and tumor-driven osteolysis, its effect on bone-metastasized obese mice has not been investigated. Here, we hypothesized that mechanical loading can lessen obesity-associated bone degradation in tumor-invaded bone by regulating the fate of bone marrow-derived cells.

Phosphorylation of eIF2α signaling pathway attenuates obesity-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in an ER stress and autophagy-dependent manner.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder and frequently exacerbates in postmenopausal women. In NAFLD, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an important role in lipid metabolism, in which salubrinal is a selective inhibitor of eIF2α de-phosphorylation in response to ER stress. To determine the potential mechanism of obesity-induced NAFLD, we employed salubrinal and evaluated the effect of ER stress and autophagy on lipid metabolism.

Mechanical loading stimulates bone angiogenesis through enhancing type H vessel formation and downregulating exosomal miR-214-3p from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Exosomes are important transporters of miRNAs, which play varying roles in the healing of the bone fracture. Angiogenesis is one of such critical events in bone healing, and we previously reported the stimulatory effect of mechanical loading in vessel remodeling. Focusing on type H vessels and exosomal miR-214-3p, this study examined the mechanism of loading-driven angiogenesis.

Knee loading repairs osteoporotic osteoarthritis by relieving abnormal remodeling of subchondral bone via Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Osteoporotic osteoarthritis (OPOA) is a common bone disease mostly in the elderly, but the relationship between Osteoporotic (OP) and osteoarthritis (OA) is complex. It has been shown that knee loading can mitigate OA symptoms. However, its effects on OPOA remain unclear.

Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of ZrTaNiSn Half-Heusler Alloys by Diagonal-Rule Doping.

Although Sb doping is regarded as the most effective method to regulate the carrier concentration within the optimum range for ZrNiSn-based half-Heusler (HH) alloys, the resulting thermal conductivity remains high. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of "diagonal-rule" doping; that is, the Zr site was displaced by Ta, which can simultaneously enhance the electrical conductivity and reduce the lattice thermal conductivity. The solid-solubility limit of Ta in the ZrNiSn matrix was determined to be = 0.

eIF2α signaling regulates autophagy of osteoblasts and the development of osteoclasts in OVX mice.

Bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis is induced chiefly by an imbalance of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Salubrinal is a synthetic compound that inhibits de-phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α). Phosphorylation of eIF2α alleviates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which may activate autophagy.

Ankle loading ameliorates bone loss from breast cancer-associated bone metastasis.

Breast cancer is a serious health problem that preferentially metastasizes to bone. We have previously shown that bone loss can be prevented by mechanical loading, but the efficacy of ankle loading for metastasis-linked bone loss has not been investigated. This study showed that body weight was decreased after inoculation of tumor cells, but ankle loading restored a rapid weight loss.

Wnt3a involved in the mechanical loading on improvement of bone remodeling and angiogenesis in a postmenopausal osteoporosis mouse model.

Osteoporosis is a major health problem, making bones fragile and susceptible to fracture. Previous works showed that mechanical loading stimulated bone formation and accelerated fracture healing. Focusing on the role of Wnt3a (wingless/integrated 3a), this study was aimed to assess effects of mechanical loading to the spine, using ovariectomized (OVX) mice as a model of osteoporosis.

Mechanical loading mitigates osteoarthritis symptoms by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease characterized by cartilage damage and abnormal remodeling of subchondral bone. Our previous study showed that in the early stage of OA, knee loading exerts protective effects by suppressing osteoclastogenesis through Wnt signaling, but little is known about loading effects at the late OA stage. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy are known to be involved in the late OA stage.

Activation of protein kinase C-α/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway improves mitochondrial dynamics in lipopolysaccharide-activated NR8383 cells.

Mitochondrial function and morphology are dynamically regulated by fusion and fission. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which may be upregulated by protein kinase C-α (PKC-α), improves mitochondrial dynamics by controlling the balance between fusion and fission and . However, whether the PKC-α/HO-1 signaling pathway is one of the underlying mechanisms in adjusting mitochondrial dynamics in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages has remained elusive.

Effects of knee loading on obesity-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in an ovariectomized mouse model with high-fat diet.

Aim: Hormonal and nutritional disorders are the main causes of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, especially in the elderly and in postmenopausal women. Although physical activity might alleviate these disorders, the elderly may often have difficulty in carrying out physical exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of knee loading, a new form of physical stimulation, on the symptoms of obesity and fatty liver.

Trauma to an inguinal hernia resulting in bowel rupture: A case report and literature review.

Introduction: We report on a rare case of a man with bowel rupture due to direct trauma to his diagnosed inguinal hernia, with reviewing the relevant literature, we have found some characteristics of our case different from the similar cases reported by other authors.

Presentation Of The Case: A 54-year-old man, with a dignosed right inguinal hernia without treatment for over six months, presented to our hospital with generalized peritonitis and possible sepsis, caused by minimal hit directly to his hernia. The patient underwent an immediate exploratory celiotomy with segmental intestine resection and anastomosis, without hernia repair at the same time because of the concomitant peritonitis.

eIF2α signaling regulates ischemic osteonecrosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) primarily results from ischemia/hypoxia to the femoral head, and one of the cellular manifestations is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. To understand possible linkage of ischemic osteonecrosis to the ER stress, a surgery-induced animal model was employed and salubrinal was administered to evaluate the role of ER stress. Salubrinal is a synthetic chemical that inhibits de-phosphorylation of eIF2α, and it can suppress cell death from the ER stress at a proper dose.

Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in disuse osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a major skeletal disease with low bone mineral density, which leads to an increased risk of bone fracture. Salubrinal is a synthetic chemical that inhibits dephosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. To understand possible linkage of osteoporosis to ER stress, we employed an unloading mouse model and examined the effects of salubrinal in the pathogenesis of disuse osteoporosis.

Effect of Heme Oxygenase-1 on Mitofusin-1 protein in LPS-induced ALI/ARDS in rats.

Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and important oxidative stress in the lung. Mitochondrial fusion responds to the normal morphology and function of cells and is finely regulated by mitochondrial fusion proteins, such as mitofusin-1 protein (Mfn1), mitofusin-2 protein (Mfn2) and optical atrophy 1 (OPA1). Additionally, Mfn1 has been identified as the most important protein in mitochondrial fusion.

Carbon monoxide alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress injury through suppressing the expression of Fis1 in NR8383 cells.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the most devastating complications of sepsis lacking of effective therapy. Mitochondrial dynamics undergoing continuous fusion and fission play a crucial role in mitochondrial structure and function. Fis1, as a small protein located on the outer membrane of mitochondria, has been thought to be an important protein mediated mitochondrial fission.

Heme Oxygenase-1/Carbon Monoxide-regulated Mitochondrial Dynamic Equilibrium Contributes to the Attenuation of Endotoxin-induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats and in Lipopolysaccharide-activated Macrophages.

Background: Sepsis-associated acute lung injury remains the major cause of mortality in critically ill patients and is characterized by marked oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dynamics are indispensable for functional integrity. Additionally, heme oxygenase (HO)-1/carbon monoxide conferred cytoprotection against end-organ damage during endotoxic shock.