Chamazulene reverses osteoarthritic inflammation through regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and NF-kβ pathway in in-vitro and in-vivo models.

This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of chamazulene against IL-1β-induced rat primary chondrocytes and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced osteoarthritic inflammation in rats. Oxidative stress markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and regulatory proteins were measured. Chamazulene significantly reverted (p < 0.

Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Chronic Knee Pain: A Randomized, Sham-controlled Trial.

Context: Anti-inflammatory drugs are often used to treat chronic knee pain (CKP), but their long-term use is associated with decreased effectiveness and numerous side effects. Complementary and alternative medicine provides additional treatments for the condition, including percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS). However, the benefits of PENS for treatment of CKP are still controversial.