Gut microbiota impacts bone via Bacteroides vulgatus-valeric acid-related pathways.

Although the gut microbiota has been reported to influence osteoporosis risk, the individual species involved, and underlying mechanisms, remain largely unknown. We performed integrative analyses in a Chinese cohort of peri-/post-menopausal women with metagenomics/targeted metabolomics/whole-genome sequencing to identify novel microbiome-related biomarkers for bone health. Bacteroides vulgatus was found to be negatively associated with bone mineral density (BMD), which was validated in US white people.

Identification of PDXDC1 as a novel pleiotropic susceptibility locus shared between lumbar spine bone mineral density and birth weight.

An increasing number of epidemiological studies have suggested that birth weight (BW) may be a determinant of bone health later in life, although the underlying genetic mechanism remains unclear. Here, we applied a pleiotropic conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) approach to the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS BMD) and BW, aiming to identify novel susceptibility variants shared between these two traits. We detected 5 novel potential pleiotropic loci which are located at or near 7 different genes (NTAN1, PDXDC1, CACNA1G, JAG1, FAT1P1, CCDC170, ESR1), among which PDXDC1 and FAT1P1 have not previously been linked to these phenotypes.

Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Combined Pluronic F127 Hydrogel Promote Chronic Diabetic Wound Healing and Complete Skin Regeneration.

Purpose: Chronic refractory wounds are a multifactorial comorbidity of diabetes mellitus with the characteristic of impaired vascular networks. Currently, there is a lack of effective treatments for such wounds. Various types of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) have been shown to exert multiple therapeutic effects on skin regeneration.

Conditional knockout of pyruvate dehydrogenase in mouse pancreatic β‑cells causes morphological and functional changes.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder predominantly caused by the dysfunction of pancreatic β‑cells. This dysfunction is partly caused by the dysregulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which acts as an important mediator of pyruvate oxidation after glycolysis and fuels the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Previous studies have reported decreased PDH expression in rodent models and humans with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), suggesting that PDH may play an important role in the development of T2DM.

HNGF6A Inhibits Oxidative Stress-Induced MC3T3-E1 Cell Apoptosis and Osteoblast Phenotype Inhibition by Targeting Circ_0001843/miR-214 Pathway.

Humanin (HN), a mitochondrial derived peptide, plays cyto-protective role under various stress. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of HNGF6A, an analogue of HN, on osteoblast apoptosis and differentiation and the underlying mechanisms. Cell proliferation of murine osteoblastic cell line MC3TC-E1 was examined by CCK8 assay and Edu staining.

Adipose-derived stem cells seeded in Pluronic F-127 hydrogel promotes diabetic wound healing.

Background: Chronic nonhealing wound is a multifactorial complication of diabetes that results specifically as a consequence of impaired angiogenesis and currently lacks in effective treatments. Although a stem cell-based therapy may provide a novel treatment to augment diabetic wound healing, inferior cell survival at the diabetic skin wound is one of the key causes that are responsible for the low efficacy of the stem cell therapy.

Materials And Methods: In this work, we used an injectable, biocompatible, and thermosensitive hydrogel Pluronic F-127 to encapsulate allogeneic nondiabetic adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and topically applied the cells to a full-thickness cutaneous wound in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic model in rats.

[Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and its risk factors in subjects with different glucose metabolism status].

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in subjects with different glucose metabolism status.

Methods: Between January, 2015 and October, 2015, a total of 934 subjects without a previous diagnosis of diabetes visiting the Department of Endocrinology or Health Examination Center underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), which identified 266 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT group), 243 pre-diabetic subjects, and 425 patients with diabetes mellitus group. The baseline characteristics and laboratory test data of the subjects were collected.

Integrative Analysis of Genomics and Transcriptome Data to Identify Potential Functional Genes of BMDs in Females.

Osteoporosis is known to be highly heritable. However, to date, the findings from more than 20 genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have explained less than 6% of genetic risks. Studies suggest that the missing heritability data may be because of joint effects among genes.