Nanodevices for deep cartilage penetration.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease and is the main cause of chronic pain and functional disability in adults. Articular cartilage is a hydrated soft tissue that is composed of normally quiescent chondrocytes at a low density, a dense network of collagen fibrils with a pore size of 60-200 nm, and aggrecan proteoglycans with high-density negative charge. Although certain drugs, nucleic acids, and proteins have the potential to slow the progression of OA and restore the joints, these treatments have not been clinically applied owing to the lack of an effective delivery system capable of breaking through the cartilage barrier.

The Effect of Manipulation Under Anesthesia for Secondary Frozen Shoulder: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) is often used for frozen shoulder treatment, but controversy still exists regarding MUA compared with conservative treatment. This research was conducted to compare the outcome between MUA and celecoxib (CLX) in secondary frozen shoulder.

Methods: Patients with secondary frozen shoulder were randomized into two groups, an MUA plus exercise (EX) group and a CLX plus EX group.

Recent Advances in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Responsive Polyfunctional Nanosystems 3.0 for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory and degenerative joint disease with severe effects on individuals, society, and the economy that affects millions of elderly people around the world. To date, there are no effective treatments for OA; however, there are some treatments that slow or prevent its progression. Polyfunctional nanosystems have many advantages, such as controlled release, targeted therapy and high loading rate, and have been widely used in OA treatment.

Recent advances in enzyme-related biomaterials for arthritis treatment.

Arthritis is a group of highly prevalent joint disorders, and osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis are the two most common types. The high prevalence of arthritis causes severe burdens on individuals, society and the economy. Currently, the primary treatment of arthritis is to relieve symptoms, but the development of arthritis cannot be effectively prevented.

Identification of thrombin as a key regulator of chondrocyte catabolic activity through RNA-Seq and experimental verification.

The present study was designed to explore the relationship between thrombin and catabolic activity in chondrocytes. Primary rat chondrocytes were cultured for 24 h with rat serum (RS), rat plasma (RP), or rat plasma supplemented with thrombin (RPT). RNA-sequencing was then performed.

A comparative analysis of the osteogenic capacity of osteoblasts from newborn and two-week-old rats.

Aim: To compare the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts between newborn rats (1d group) and two-week-old rats (14d group) and to clarify the mechanism underlying these effects.

Method: The endogenous expression of osteogenic marker genes was detected by qPCR, including ALP, OCN, Col1a1, and Runx2. The osteoblasts proliferation was evaluated by EdU assay and Western Blotting [PCNA and Cyclin D1].

Similarities and differences between rat and mouse chondrocyte gene expression induced by IL-1β.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent degenerative joint disease. In vitro experiments are an intuitive method used to investigate its early pathogenesis. Chondrocyte inflammation models in rats and mice are often used as in vitro models of OA.

MEK1/2 Inhibitor (GDC0623) Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Primary Osteoblasts Inhibited by IL-1 through the MEK-Erk1/2 and Jak/Stat3 Pathways.

Objective: We evaluated the effects and mechanisms of GDC0623 on osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts induced by IL-1. . Osteoblasts were treated with 20 ng/ml IL-1 and 0.

Self-Reported Weather Sensitivity is Associated with Clinical Symptoms and Structural Abnormalities in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) often complain about clinical symptoms affected by weather-related factors. The purpose of the present study was to use cross-sectional analysis to determine whether weather sensitivity was associated with clinical symptoms, as well as structure abnormalities, in KOA patients.

Methods: Data from 80 participants were obtained from the Feng Hans Shi Effects on OA (FHS) study, an OA cohort study initiated in China in 2015.

Intermittent pressure imitating rolling manipulation ameliorates injury in skeletal muscle cells through oxidative stress and lipid metabolism signalling pathways.

Background: Traditional Chinese medicine manipulation (TCMM) is often used to treat human skeletal muscle injury, but its mechanism remains unclear due to difficulty standardizing and quantifying manipulation parameters.

Methods: Here, dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) was utilized to induce human skeletal muscle cell (HSkMC) impairments. Cells in a three-dimensional environment were divided into the control normal group (CNG), control injured group (CIG) and rolling manipulation group (RMG).

Fibroblast growth factor 2 contributes to the effect of salidroside on dendritic and synaptic plasticity after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Ischemic stroke, a serious neurological disease, is associated with cell death, axonal and dendritic plasticity, and other activities. Anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, promote dendritic and synaptic plasticity are critical therapeutic targets after ischemic stroke. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), which is involved in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA)/CAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) pathway, has been shown to facilitate dendritic and synaptic plasticity.

[Role of TLR4/NF-κB pathway for early change of synovial membrane in knee osteoarthritis rats].

Objective: To study role of TLR4/NF-κB pathway for early change of synovial membrane in knee osteoarthritis rats.

Methods: Eighteen male SD rats weighted (200±20) g were randomly divided into 2 groups, namely control and model group, and 9 in each group. Knee OA model group was established by using modified Hulth method in model group.

The MEK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway regulates hyaline cartilage formation and the redifferentiation of dedifferentiated chondrocytes in vitro.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (MEK-ERK1/2) signaling pathway in chondrocyte differentiation and cartilage tissue construction . Chondrocytes were stimulated with rat serum (RS) and fetal bovine serum (FBS), and chondrocyte phenotypes were investigated microscopically. Chondrocyte proliferation was analyzed using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and the CCK8 method.

The Effectiveness of Manual Therapy for Relieving Pain, Stiffness, and Dysfunction in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common form of arthritis, leading to pain disability in seniors and increased health care utilization. Manual therapy is one widely used physical treatment for KOA.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and adverse events (AEs) of manual therapy compared to other treatments for relieving pain, stiffness, and physical dysfunction in patients with KOA.

[Effect of HBP-A on meniscal injury and pathological hypertrophy and calcification of the meniscus].

Objective: To investigate the effect of HBP-A on meniscal injuries and the expressions of genes associated with pathological hypertrophy and calcification of the meniscusinduced by abnormal loading.

Methods: Bovine meniscus explants were subjected to 25% strain at 0.3 Hz for 3 h and treated with 0.

An Inhibitory Role of Osthole in Rat MSCs Osteogenic Differentiation and Proliferation via Wnt/β-Catenin and Erk1/2-MAPK Pathways.

Background/aims: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are responsible for new bone formation during adulthood. Accumulating evidences showed that Osthole promotes the osteogenic differentiation in primary osteoblasts. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Osthole exhibits a potential to stimulate the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and the underlying mechanism.

[OVER EXPRESSION OF Mash-1 GENE IN PROMOTING DIFFERENTIATION OF MOUSE EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS INTO NEURAL CELLS].

Objective: To investigate the effects of over expression of Mash-1 gene on the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESC) into neural cells in vitro.

Methods: The ESC of rats (CE3 cells) were transfected with MSCV-Mash-1 (MSCV-Mash-1-CE3 group) or MSCV (MSCV-CE3 group). The expression of Mash-1 gene was detected by RT-PCR.

Abnormal Mechanical Loading Induces Cartilage Degeneration by Accelerating Meniscus Hypertrophy and Mineralization After ACL Injuries In Vivo.

Background: Although patients with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury have a high risk of developing posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), the role of meniscus hypertrophy and mineralization in PTOA after an ACL injury remains unknown.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine if menisci respond to abnormal loading and if an ACL injury results in meniscus hypertrophy and calcification. The hypotheses were that (1) abnormal mechanical loading after an ACL injury induces meniscus hypertrophy and mineralization, which correlates to articular cartilage damage in vivo, and (2) abnormal mechanical loading on bovine meniscus explants induces the overexpression of hypertrophic and mineralization markers in vitro.

Changes of mesenchymal stromal cells mobilization and bone turnover in an experimental bone fracture model in ovariectomized mice.

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) mobilization, and bone turnover in osteoporotic fracture healing in ovariectomized mice.

Methods: In total, 112 female C57/BL mice were divided into two groups. The first group was sham-operated (SO), and the other group was ovariectomized (OVX).

[Etablishment of cartilage degeneration model by IL-1 beta in vitro].

Objective: To establish a reliable model for drug screening and therapy by culturing rat femoral head and inducing cartilage degeneration quickly in vitro.

Methods: The femoral heads from the same SD rats of two-month old were divided into control group and experimental group respectively. They were cultured with DMEM medium plus 10% fetal bovine serum or DMEM medium plus 10% fetal bovine serum plus 50 ng/ml IL-1β for three days.

[Establishment of chondrocyte degeneration model in vitro by rat serum].

Objective: To establish a model of chondrocyte degeneration in vitro.

Methods: Chondrocytes were isolated from articular cartilages of newly born SD rats by digestion with typeⅡ collagenase. The chondrocytes were cultured with H-DMEM medium containing 10%FBS, 50 ng/mL IL-1β+10%FBS, 2.

Osthole Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Catabolism in Rat Chondrocytes and Cartilage Tissue.

Background/aims: Cartilage destruction is thought to be the major mediator of osteoarthritis. Recent studies suggest that inhibition of subchrondral bone loss by anti-osteoporosis (OP) drug can protect cartilige erosion. Osthole, as a promising agent for treating osteoporosis, may show potential in treating osteoarthritis.

[Establishment of a chondrocyte degeneration model by over-expression of human Wnt7b gene in 293ft cell line].

Objective: To investigate the role of human Wnt7b gene in rat chondrocyte degeneration.

Methods: Wnt7b gene obtained by PCR was cloned to PCDH-GFP. 293ft cell line was transfected with PCDH-GFP and PCDH-Wnt7b, and the supernatant and transfected cells were collected.

[Effects of serum enatninine Gumibao (Chinese character: see text) on the aroliferation and differentiation of osteoblast induced by dexamethasone].

Objective: To investigate the effects of serum containing Gumibao (Chinese character: see text) on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast induced by dexamethasone.

Methods: Osteoblasts were extracted from skulls in newly born (within 24 hours) SD rats, and digested with collagenase. The first passage of cells were used for experiments.

[Regulating effect of anodonta glucan HBP-A on chondrocytes through Wnt pathway].

Objective: To investigate regulation function of anodonta glucan HBP-A on chondrocytes through Wnt pathway in vitro.

Methods: Rat chondrocytes were cultured and differentiated induced with IL-1beta (10 ng/ml) in vitro. Chondrocytes were divided into five groups:IL-13 group,IL-1beta + IWP-2 (5 microM,Wnt pathway inhibitor) group, IL-1beta + HBP-A (0.