Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the questionnaire of olfactory disorders (QOD) when used with patients having olfactory dysfunction.

To cross-culturally adapt the Questionnaire of olfactory disorders (QOD) into a Chinese version, and then evaluate its reliability and validity for testing patients with olfactory dysfunction. A Chinese version of the QOD was evaluated for test-retest reliability, split-half reliability, and internal consistency. The validity analysis included components of content validity and criterion-related validity, as well as comparisons between The Medical Outcomes Study's36-Item ShortForm Health Survey(SF-36)questionnaire and the WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF)questionnaire.

[Application of unilateral olfactory testing and clinical analysis of unilateral hyposmia].

Objective: To investigate whether patients presenting with self-reported olfactory disorders demonstrates significant side difference in odour recognition by measuring separately for each nostril.

Methods: One hundred and four patients with chief complaint of hyposmia were evaluated by medical history, physical examination, T&T olfactory testing and medical imaging. Smell was tested using T&T olfactometry in each nostril separately.

Study of cochlear hydrops analysis masking procedure in patients with Meniere's disease and otologically normal adults.

Background: The cochlear hydrops analysis masking procedure (CHAMP) is a new diagnostic technique for Meniere's disease (MD). But its value has not been well proven. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of CHAMP for MD.

[Analysis of clinical characteristics of partial olfactory dysfunction].

Objective: To apply different types and concentrations of T&T olfactometer odorants to exam smell function and explore the clinical characteristics of partial olfactory dysfunction.

Methods: From March 2007 to May 2008, a total of 24 patients with olfactory dysfunction were examined by medical and psychiatric history enquiry, physical examination, smell testing and medical imaging. Olfactory function of each nostril was assessed separately by T&T olfactometer.

[Study of characteristic of the cochlear hydrops analysis masking procedure in normal adults].

Objective: To study the characteristic of the cochlear hydrops analysis masking procedure (CHAMP) in normal adults, and to evaluate the diagnostic values of its parameters for membranous labyrinth hydrops.

Methods: Twenty otologically normal adults were recruited (male:female = 10:10), and their auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were obtained to six stimulus conditions using Bio-logic auditory evoked potential system: clicks presented alone (unmasked condition) and clicks presented with ipsilateral pink noise high-pass filtered at 8, 4, 2, 1, and 0.5 kHz respectively.

[Comparison of tone burst evoked auditory brainstem responses with different filter settings for referral infants after hearing screening].

Objective: Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) evoked by tone burst is an important method of hearing assessment in referral infants after hearing screening. The present study was to compare the thresholds of tone burst ABR with filter settings of 30 - 1500 Hz and 30 - 3000 Hz at each frequency, figure out the characteristics of ABR thresholds with the two filter settings and the effect of the waveform judgement, so as to select a more optimal frequency specific ABR test parameter.

Methods: Thresholds with filter settings of 30 - 1500 Hz and 30 - 3000 Hz in children aged 2 - 33 months were recorded by click, tone burst ABR.

[Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of isolated congenital anosmia].

Objective: To report a series of patients with isolated congenital anosmia and summarize their clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics.

Methods: Twenty patients with isolated congenital anosmia were reviewed retrospectively. A thorough medical and chemosensory history, physical examination, nasal endoscopy, T&T olfactory testing, olfactory event-related potentials, sinonasal computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance image of olfactory pathway were performed in all patients.

[MRI features of olfactory bulb volume in healthy middle and old-aged persons.].

Objective: To investigate the differences of olfactory bulb (OB) volumes between younger and older, male and female, left-side and right-side in healthy middle and old-aged persons by MRI.

Methods: Ninety five healthy middle and old-aged volunteers (male:female = 45:50) were divided into 2 groups, group one included persons aged from 50 to 69, group two included persons elder than 70. The left-side, right-side and both-side volumes of OB, the volumes of brain and the ratio of OB/brain were measured by MRI.

Gene expression profiles in the olfactory bulb from a rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

Abnormalities and impaired functions of the olfactory system have been reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and these changes may appear much earlier than other clinical symptoms of AD. However, little is known about these abnormalities at the level of gene expression. In this study, we investigated alterations of expression of 22,012 genes in the olfactory bulbs of a rat model of AD by using a microarray approach.

Discordance between olfactory psychophysical measurements and olfactory event related potentials in five patients with olfactory dysfunction following upper respiratory infection.

Background: Subjective olfactory tests are easy to perform and popularly applied in the clinic, but using only these, it is difficult to diagnose all disorders of the olfactory system. The olfactory event related potentials technique offers further insight into the olfactory system and is an ideal objective test. This analysis was of subjective and objective data on the olfactory function of twelve patients with loss of smell associated with an upper respiratory infection (URI).

[Olfactory functional magnetic resonance imaging with modified OEP-98C olfactometer and event-related design].

Objective: To explore the feasibility of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in analysis of olfaction function with modified OEP-98C olfactometer and event-related design.

Methods: Six young right-handed men underwent olfactory fMRI with event-related design. OEP-98C olfactometer was modified to accommodate MR environment.

[Clinical analysis of otogenic intracranial complications].

Objective: To analyze the clinical features and treatment protocols of otogenic intracranial complications in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.

Methods: Retrospective study of 14 patients (10 males and 4 females, aged between 12 - 62 years, mean age 32.1 years) hospitalized from 1982 - 2006.

[Analysis of abnormality of the middle ear in infant and young children].

Objective: To discuss the diagnosis of middle ear abnormality in infants and young children.

Methods: To analyze retrospectively the data of audiology (including ABR, tympanometry) and CT scanning in 31 infants and young children who presented middle ear abnormality.

Results: Wave I latencies of ABR were delayed in 38 of 62 ears and not delayed in 15 ears, but CT scanning showed high density in 6 ears of these 15 ears.

[Olfactory event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging in young adults with normal sense of smell and anosmia patients].

Objective: To explore the brain activation mapping following odor presentation with event -related functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods: Ten healthy young volunteers with normal sense of smell and 5 anosmia patients, all right-handed, underwent routine otorhinolaryngological examination and T&T subjective smelling test. Odorant isoamyl acetate was delivered by olfactometer synchronously with inspiration birhinally for 10 times with the interstimulus interval of 60 seconds.

[Posttraumatic anosmia: olfactory event related potentials and MRI evaluation].

Objective: Using olfactory event related potentials (OERP) and magnetic resonance to evaluate olfactory function in patients with posttraumatic anosmia.

Methods: Twenty four patients with posttraumatic anosmia were reviewed retrospectively. A thorough medical history, physical examination, nasal endoscopy, T&T olfactory testing, olfactory event-related potentials, brain computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance image of olfactory pathway were performed in all patients.

[Clinical analysis of primary facial nerve neuroma].

Objective: To analyze the clinical features of facial nerve neuroma about its diagnosis and management.

Methods: Ten patients with facial nerve neuroma were analyzed retrospectively from February 1993 to August 2005. The period of follow-up varied from 1.

[Clinical research of patients with congenital anosmia].

Objective: To report on a series of patients with congenital anosmia, and to discuss its classification and clinical characteristics.

Methods: Eight patients with congenital anosmia were reviewed retrospectively. Four of eight cases were congenital anosmia with other abnormalities, including three cases with Kallmann's syndrome, one with hypoplasia of nasal cavity and nasal sinus.