Nanodevices for deep cartilage penetration.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease and is the main cause of chronic pain and functional disability in adults. Articular cartilage is a hydrated soft tissue that is composed of normally quiescent chondrocytes at a low density, a dense network of collagen fibrils with a pore size of 60-200 nm, and aggrecan proteoglycans with high-density negative charge. Although certain drugs, nucleic acids, and proteins have the potential to slow the progression of OA and restore the joints, these treatments have not been clinically applied owing to the lack of an effective delivery system capable of breaking through the cartilage barrier.

Recent Advances in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Responsive Polyfunctional Nanosystems 3.0 for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory and degenerative joint disease with severe effects on individuals, society, and the economy that affects millions of elderly people around the world. To date, there are no effective treatments for OA; however, there are some treatments that slow or prevent its progression. Polyfunctional nanosystems have many advantages, such as controlled release, targeted therapy and high loading rate, and have been widely used in OA treatment.

Recent advances in enzyme-related biomaterials for arthritis treatment.

Arthritis is a group of highly prevalent joint disorders, and osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis are the two most common types. The high prevalence of arthritis causes severe burdens on individuals, society and the economy. Currently, the primary treatment of arthritis is to relieve symptoms, but the development of arthritis cannot be effectively prevented.

Identification of thrombin as a key regulator of chondrocyte catabolic activity through RNA-Seq and experimental verification.

The present study was designed to explore the relationship between thrombin and catabolic activity in chondrocytes. Primary rat chondrocytes were cultured for 24 h with rat serum (RS), rat plasma (RP), or rat plasma supplemented with thrombin (RPT). RNA-sequencing was then performed.

A comparative analysis of the osteogenic capacity of osteoblasts from newborn and two-week-old rats.

Aim: To compare the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts between newborn rats (1d group) and two-week-old rats (14d group) and to clarify the mechanism underlying these effects.

Method: The endogenous expression of osteogenic marker genes was detected by qPCR, including ALP, OCN, Col1a1, and Runx2. The osteoblasts proliferation was evaluated by EdU assay and Western Blotting [PCNA and Cyclin D1].

Similarities and differences between rat and mouse chondrocyte gene expression induced by IL-1β.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent degenerative joint disease. In vitro experiments are an intuitive method used to investigate its early pathogenesis. Chondrocyte inflammation models in rats and mice are often used as in vitro models of OA.

MEK1/2 Inhibitor (GDC0623) Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Primary Osteoblasts Inhibited by IL-1 through the MEK-Erk1/2 and Jak/Stat3 Pathways.

Objective: We evaluated the effects and mechanisms of GDC0623 on osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts induced by IL-1. . Osteoblasts were treated with 20 ng/ml IL-1 and 0.

Intermittent pressure imitating rolling manipulation ameliorates injury in skeletal muscle cells through oxidative stress and lipid metabolism signalling pathways.

Background: Traditional Chinese medicine manipulation (TCMM) is often used to treat human skeletal muscle injury, but its mechanism remains unclear due to difficulty standardizing and quantifying manipulation parameters.

Methods: Here, dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) was utilized to induce human skeletal muscle cell (HSkMC) impairments. Cells in a three-dimensional environment were divided into the control normal group (CNG), control injured group (CIG) and rolling manipulation group (RMG).

[Role of TLR4/NF-κB pathway for early change of synovial membrane in knee osteoarthritis rats].

Objective: To study role of TLR4/NF-κB pathway for early change of synovial membrane in knee osteoarthritis rats.

Methods: Eighteen male SD rats weighted (200±20) g were randomly divided into 2 groups, namely control and model group, and 9 in each group. Knee OA model group was established by using modified Hulth method in model group.

[Effect of HBP-A on meniscal injury and pathological hypertrophy and calcification of the meniscus].

Objective: To investigate the effect of HBP-A on meniscal injuries and the expressions of genes associated with pathological hypertrophy and calcification of the meniscusinduced by abnormal loading.

Methods: Bovine meniscus explants were subjected to 25% strain at 0.3 Hz for 3 h and treated with 0.

Changes of mesenchymal stromal cells mobilization and bone turnover in an experimental bone fracture model in ovariectomized mice.

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) mobilization, and bone turnover in osteoporotic fracture healing in ovariectomized mice.

Methods: In total, 112 female C57/BL mice were divided into two groups. The first group was sham-operated (SO), and the other group was ovariectomized (OVX).

[Etablishment of cartilage degeneration model by IL-1 beta in vitro].

Objective: To establish a reliable model for drug screening and therapy by culturing rat femoral head and inducing cartilage degeneration quickly in vitro.

Methods: The femoral heads from the same SD rats of two-month old were divided into control group and experimental group respectively. They were cultured with DMEM medium plus 10% fetal bovine serum or DMEM medium plus 10% fetal bovine serum plus 50 ng/ml IL-1β for three days.

[Establishment of chondrocyte degeneration model in vitro by rat serum].

Objective: To establish a model of chondrocyte degeneration in vitro.

Methods: Chondrocytes were isolated from articular cartilages of newly born SD rats by digestion with typeⅡ collagenase. The chondrocytes were cultured with H-DMEM medium containing 10%FBS, 50 ng/mL IL-1β+10%FBS, 2.

[Effects of serum enatninine Gumibao (Chinese character: see text) on the aroliferation and differentiation of osteoblast induced by dexamethasone].

Objective: To investigate the effects of serum containing Gumibao (Chinese character: see text) on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast induced by dexamethasone.

Methods: Osteoblasts were extracted from skulls in newly born (within 24 hours) SD rats, and digested with collagenase. The first passage of cells were used for experiments.

[Regulating effect of anodonta glucan HBP-A on chondrocytes through Wnt pathway].

Objective: To investigate regulation function of anodonta glucan HBP-A on chondrocytes through Wnt pathway in vitro.

Methods: Rat chondrocytes were cultured and differentiated induced with IL-1beta (10 ng/ml) in vitro. Chondrocytes were divided into five groups:IL-13 group,IL-1beta + IWP-2 (5 microM,Wnt pathway inhibitor) group, IL-1beta + HBP-A (0.

Protective effect of ligustrazine on lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration of rats induced by prolonged upright posture.

Most chronic low back pain is the result of degeneration of the lumbar intervertebral disc. Ligustrazine, an alkaloid from Chuanxiong, reportedly is able to relieve pain, suppress inflammation, and treat osteoarthritis and it has the protective effect on cartilage and chondrocytes. Therefore, we asked whether ligustrazine could reduce intervertebral disc degeneration.

Mechanism of resveratrol on the promotion of induced pluripotent stem cells.

Objective: To investigate the effects of resveratrol (RV) in reprogramming mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and the related mechanism.

Methods: Primary MEFs were isolated from E13.5 embryos and used within three passages.

[Effect of osthole on proliferation of neonatal rat osteoblast and the relative mechanism research].

Objective: To investigate the effects of osthole on proliferation of neonatal rat osteoblast and the mechanism.

Methods: Ten 24 hours old SD rats were executed by dislocating. The cranium of rats were removed and cut into blocks of 1 mm x 1 mm size.

[Comparison of the activity and yield rate of osteoblast obtained by different digestion methods].

Objective: To compared the activity and yield rate of osteoblast obtained by different collagenase digestion methods, to find a better way to extract osteoblast for the experimental researches of osteoporosis.

Methods: Ten 24-hour-old SD rats were were euthanized. The cranium of rats were removed and cuted into blocks of 1 mm x 1 mm size.

[Inhibition effect of osthole on proliferation of rat chondrocytes].

Objective: To investigate the effects of osthole on chondrocyte proliferation in vitro.

Methods: Primary rat chondrocytes were isolated from the femoral head of newborn rats using collagenase digestion and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. The proliferation of primary chondrocytes was assessed in second-passage cultures using cell counting kit-8 and the growth curve was drawn.

The expression of osteoprotegerin is required for maintaining the intervertebral disc endplate of aged mice.

Objective: Human chondrocytes and annulus fibrosus cells of intervertebral disc (IVD) express osteoprotegerin (OPG), but the effect of OPG on the pathogenesis of IVD degeneration remains unknown. Here we assessed the phenotype change of IVD in OPG(-/-) mice.

Methods: The IVDs from 12-, 20-, and 28-week-old OPG(-/-) mice and WT controls were subjected to histologic analyses including TRAP staining for osteoclasts, immunostaining for OPG and type I collagen protein expression, and TUNEL staining for apoptosis.

Leg amputation accelerates senescence of rat lumbar intervertebral discs.

Study Design: Several senescence biomarkers were observed to investigate cell senescence in degenerative intervertebral lumbar discs of foreleg-amputated rats.

Objective: To determine if cell senescence is accelerated in degenerative intervertebral lumbar disc cells in an upright-rat model.

Summary Of Background Data: Cellular senescence was accelerated in human and sand rat degenerative intervertebral disc (IVD) cells.