A multi-step nitrifying microbial enrichment to remove ammonia and nitrite in brackish aquaculture systems.

One of the most important advancements in harnessing the biological nitrification in the field is enrichment solution of nitrifying microbial consortia. In the current study, we developed an improved multi-step enrichment to amplify a targeted microbial consortium from a sediment sample collected in tropical mangrove, Vietnam. The results showed that it took 122 culturing days with five unique continuous enrichment steps, the microbial consortium consumed total 5665 mgN L.

Distribution and density of Jonas, 1844 relate to sediment while reproduction shows multiple peaks per year in Cat Ba-Ha Long Bay, Vietnam.

Jonas, 1844 is of great commercial interest, but its reserves have dramatically declined over recent decades. Therefore, there is an urgent need of scientific basis to propose effective fishery management measures and improve artificial aquaculture of the clam. In this study, we investigated the distribution and density of , sediment characteristics, and established the clam's reproductive cycle through monthly observations from August 2017 to July 2018.