Adding Virome Capture Metagenomic Sequencing to Conventional Laboratory Testing Increases Unknown Fever Etiology Determination in Bamako, Mali.

Unexplained fever poses significant diagnostic challenges in resource-limited settings like Bamako, Mali, where overlapping endemic diseases include malaria, HIV/AIDS, yellow fever, typhoid, and others. This study aimed to elucidate the infectious etiologies of acute febrile illnesses in this context. Acute febrile patients of any age were enrolled after informed consent or assent.

Surveillance and agnostic capture sequencing of samples from individuals with rash-associated illness in Mali indicates regional transmission of measles virus from West and Central Africa.

Measles is vaccine-preventable extremely contagious disease caused by the measles virus. High vaccination coverage is needed to prevent outbreaks of disease. Although molecular surveillance of measles is critical to characterize outbreaks and track viral evolution, few whole-genome sequences of measles virus from West Africa are available despite continual outbreaks in the region.

Risk of transfusion-associated malaria in sub-Saharan Africa: The case of Mali.

Introduction: Malaria is a health threat in sub-Saharan Africa, where Plasmodium is not tested in blood bags. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of plasmodial carriage in blood bags and the associated factors, and the involvement of these bags in the occurrence of malaria in recipients.

Methods: From 1st April to 30th November, 2020, we conducted a prospective cross-sectional study of 348 blood bags stored at 4°C in Bamako.

Associations between antiretroviral regimen and changes in blood pressure: results from the D2EFT study.

In this randomised, controlled study in 14 low- and middle-income countries, individuals taking dolutegravir with darunavir/ritonavir for 48 weeks had a greater increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure than individuals taking two nucleoside reverse transcriptase with darunavir/ritonavir. The difference remained significant after controlling for confounding factors including weight gain.

[Ear tuberculosis concomitant with pulmonary localization in an HIV-immunosuppressed patient, in Bamako, Mali].

Introduction/rationale: Tuberculosis remains a major public health issue. It is an opportunistic pathology, very common in HIV-immunocompromised persons, classifying it at the WHO stage 4. Ear tuberculosis remains a rare and under-diagnosed clinical form.

Neuromeningeal Cryptococcosis and Tuberculosis Coinfection in Bamako: A One-Year Case Series.

Cryptococcosis and tuberculosis are life-threatening opportunistic infections that occur in apparently immunocompetent or severely immunocompromised individuals worldwide. As both infections are strongly linked to HIV infection, they may share certain clinical manifestations, and the interaction of their treatments should be considered. However, despite their similarity, concurrent tuberculosis and cryptococcal infections have rarely been reported in West Africa.

Adverse Drug Reactions to Antiretroviral Therapy: Frequency, Type, and Risk Factors in Children in Mali.

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency, type, and risk factors associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in HIV-positive children with adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the Unit of Care and Accompaniment for People Living With HIV (USAC) of Bamako.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at USAC of Bamako from May 1, 2014, to July 31, 2015. We included children aged 1 to 14 years with at least 6 months of ARV treatment initiated at USAC, with or without ADRs.

Long-Term Benefits from Early Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in HIV Infection.

Background: For people with HIV and CD4 counts >500 cells/mm, early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces serious AIDS and serious non-AIDS (SNA) risk compared with deferral of treatment until CD4 counts are <350 cells/mm. Whether excess risk of AIDS and SNA persists once ART is initiated for those who defer treatment is uncertain.

Methods: The Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial, as previously reported, randomly assigned 4684 ART-naive HIV-positive adults with CD4 counts .

[Neuromeningeal cryptococcosis in an HIV-negative patient with pulmonary tuberculosis in the Infectious and tropical diseases department of the University teaching hospital Point G of Bamako, Mali].

Neuromeningeal cryptococcosis and pulmonary tuberculosis are respectively serious mycotic and bacterial infections occurring in a subject regardless of its HIV serological status. We report here a case of neuromeningeal cryptococcosis associated with pulmonary tuberculosis and malnutrition in an HIV-seronegative patient with a CD4 count of 750/mm, to highlight some particularities opposed to certain literatures. This is an 18-year-old patient, housewife, from Bamako, admitted in the Infectious and tropical diseases department of the University teaching hospital Point G of Bamako on March 13, 2022 for fever and impaired consciousness.

Postbiotics as the key mediators of the gut microbiota-host interactions.

The priority of the Sustainable Development Goals for 2022 is to reduce all causes related to mortality. In this regard, microbial bioactive compounds with characteristics such as optimal compatibility and close interaction with the host immune system are considered a novel therapeutic approach. The fermentation process is one of the most well-known pathways involved in the natural synthesis of a diverse range of postbiotics.

Raoultella planticola and urinary tract infection: The first laboratory-confirmed case in an HIV-infected patient in Mali.

Raoultella planticola is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile bacterium, abundant in the environment, but rarely associated with pathology in humans. Notably, few urinary tract infections caused by R. planticola have been reported.

Incidence and Predictors of Imported Cases of COVID-19 in Burkina Faso.

Background: To limit the spread of COVID-19 due to imported cases, Burkina Faso has set up quarantine measures for arriving passengers. We aimed to determine the incidence and predictors of imported cases of COVID-19 in Burkina Faso.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed using data from passengers arriving at the airport from April 9 to August 31, 2020.

High SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Healthcare Workers in Bamako, Mali.

In Mali, a country in West Africa, cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths among healthcare workers (HCWs) remain enigmatically low, despite a series of waves, circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants, the country's weak healthcare system, and a general lack of adherence to public health mitigation measures. The goal of the study was to determine whether exposure is important by assessing the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in HCWs. The study was conducted between November 2020 and June 2021.

Bacteriocins: Recent Advances in its Application as an Antimicrobial Alternative.

Due to the emergence and development of antibiotic resistance in the treatment of bacterial infections, efforts to discover new antimicrobial agents have increased. One of these antimicrobial agents is a compound produced by a large number of bacteria called bacteriocin. Bacteriocins are small ribosomal polypeptides that can exert their antibacterial effects against bacteria close to their producer strain or even non-closely-relatedstrains.

Distribution of alleles, genotypes and haplotypes of the CYP2B6 (rs3745274; rs2279343) and CYP3A4 (rs2740574) genes in the Malian population: Implication for pharmacogenetics.

Cytochrome P450 enzymes play a central role in the phase I biotransformation process of a wide range of compounds, including xenobiotics, drugs, hormones and vitamins. It is noteworthy that these enzymes are highly polymorphic and, depending on the genetic makeup, an individual may have impaired enzymatic activity. Therefore, the identification of genetic variants in these genes could facilitate the implementation of pharmacogenetic studies and genetic predisposition to multifactorial diseases.

Peoples' attitude toward COVID-19 vaccine, acceptance, and social trust among African and Middle East countries.

To end the COVID-19 pandemic, a large part of the world must be immune to the virus by vaccination. Therefore, this study aimed to gauge intent to be vaccinated against COVID-19 among ordinary people and to identify attitudes towards vaccines and barriers for vaccine acceptance. The study population comprises 1880 people residing in different countries that answer a prepared questionnaire.

[Vulva bilharzia in a 10-year-old girl living in Kirane-Mali: a case report].

Genital schistosomiasis is mainly located in the neck of the uterus and the vagina, less frequently on the vulva, the fallopian tubes and ovaries and rarely in the body of the uterus. We here report the case of a 10-year-old girl admitted with a swelling on the vulva in whom histological examination showed cutaneous schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma haematobium. Outcome was favorable with a single 40 mg/kg mg dose of praziquantel, with tumor regression.

Current Advances in DNA Methylation Analysis Methods.

DNA methylation is one of the epigenetic changes, which plays a major role in regulating gene expression and, thus, many biological processes and diseases. There are several methods for determining the methylation of DNA samples. However, selecting the most appropriate method for answering biological questions appears to be a challenging task.

A Comprehensive Study on the Antimicrobial Properties of Resveratrol as an Alternative Therapy.

Resveratrol is a polyphenolic antioxidant whose possible health benefits include anticarcinogenic, antiaging, and antimicrobial properties that have gained significant attention. The compound is well accepted by individuals and has been commonly used as a nutraceutical in recent decades. Its widespread usage makes it essential to study as a single agent as well as in combination with traditional prescription antibiotics as regards to antimicrobial properties.

Fighting COVID-19 in the West Africa after experiencing the Ebola epidemic.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) dissemination occurred from December 2019 and quickly spread to all countries. Infected patients with COVID-19 have had a wide range of symptoms, ranging from mild to severe illness. The most mortality was observed in patients with underlying disease and over 45 years.

[Tuberculosis and HIV coinfection complicated by nosocomial infection caused by : about 4 cases in a Department of Infectious diseases in Mali].

Nosocomial infections are a real global public health problem. Pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV co-infection increases the incidence of nosocomial infections because of immunosuppression and iterative hospitalizations. We here report four cases of patients aged 28, 36, 42 and 52 years co-infected with HIV and tuberculosis (multifocal tuberculosis in 2 patients, miliary tuberculosis, bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis), all with CD4 < 100 cells/mm.

Gut Microbiota and Human Body Interactions; Its Impact on Health: A Review.

Gut microbiota (GM), as an organ of the human body, has a particular and autonomous function that is related to it. This review aims to investigate human intestinal and gut microbiota interaction and its impact on health. As a creation referable database about this dynamic and complex organ, several comprehensive projects are implemented by using culture-dependent (culturomics), culture- independent methods (e.