Publications by authors named "Danyvid Olivares-Villagomez"

Article Synopsis
  • CD4 T cells are important in controlling autoimmune diseases, and their response is influenced by intestinal microbial metabolites like butyrate.
  • GzmB-deficient CD4 T cells caused more severe colitis in mice, and butyrate treatment enhanced GzmB expression in certain T cells through specific pathways.
  • The study suggests that GzmB is essential for how gut bacteria metabolites regulate T cell responses, impacting immune tolerance in the intestines.
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  • Anti-CD40 antibody treatment in Rag2-/- mice leads to significant weight loss and diarrhea, showcasing the model's similarity to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms.
  • Examination of distal colonic tissues reveals increased inflammation, altered expression of important transporters and proteins, and evidence of Paneth cell metaplasia.
  • The findings suggest the potential of the anti-CD40 colitis model for studying ulcerative colitis (UC) pathophysiology due to its resemblance to key features of human IBD.
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Background: Osteopontin (OPN) is an important breastmilk protein involved in infant intestinal, immunological, and brain development. However, little is known about how common milk pasteurization and storage techniques affect this important bioactive protein.

Methods: Human milk osteopontin concentration was measured in single-donor fresh (n = 1) or frozen (n = 20) breastmilk, pooled Holder-pasteurized donor breastmilk (n = 11), and a shelf-stable (retort pasteurized) breastmilk product (n = 2) by ELISA.

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One of the major contributors to child mortality in the world is diarrheal diseases, with an estimated 800,000 deaths per year. Many pathogens are causative agents of these illnesses, including the enteropathogenic or enterohemorrhagic forms of . These bacteria are characterized by their ability to cause attaching and effacing lesions in the gut mucosa.

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One of the major contributors to child mortality in the world is diarrheal diseases, with an estimated 800,000 deaths per year. Many pathogens are causative agents of these illnesses, including the enteropathogenic (EPEC) or enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) forms of . These bacteria are characterized by their ability to cause attaching and effacing lesions in the gut mucosa.

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Article Synopsis
  • CD4 T cell activation and differentiation are crucial for effective immune responses, but need to be tightly regulated to avoid harmful reactions.
  • Granzyme B, a protease commonly linked to cytotoxic functions in certain CD4 T cells, has roles that are not fully understood, as not all granzyme B-expressing CD4 T cells exhibit cytotoxicity.
  • Research shows that granzyme B-deficient CD4 T cells produce more IL-17 and lead to quicker disease onset in models of intestinal inflammation, indicating that granzyme B plays an important role in the differentiation of these T cells.
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Article Synopsis
  • * Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) play a critical role in this immune function, residing between intestinal epithelial cells and exhibiting diverse characteristics, including variations in their T cell receptors (TCRs).
  • * This review specifically examines "unconventional" T cells in the intestinal epithelium, particularly focusing on the different types of IELs (TCRγδ+, TCRαβ+CD4+CD8αα+, and TCRαβ+CD8αα+) and their development and functions in humans and mice
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Article Synopsis
  • Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) are crucial for immune responses in the gut, linking the intestinal lumen and the underlying sterile environment.
  • The study focuses on the role of the phosphoprotein osteopontin in maintaining the homeostasis of various IEL subpopulations, noting that its absence leads to lower cell numbers in specific IEL types due to increased apoptosis and reduced cell division.
  • Findings demonstrate that osteopontin supports the survival of IEL in vitro through interaction with the CD44 receptor, highlighting the significant role of iCD8α IEL in promoting the stability of the overall IEL population.
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  • Diarrhea is a key symptom of inflammatory bowel disease and is linked to reduced function of intestinal ion transporters, which has not been fully understood in T cell transfer colitis, a mouse model for Crohn's disease.
  • The study investigated levels of important NaCl transporters, DRA and NHE3, in the inflamed intestines of mice that had received naïve CD4 T cell transfers.
  • Results showed significant reduction in the chloride transporter DRA in the inflamed colon, while NHE3 levels remained unchanged, indicating a potential mechanism for diarrhea in this chronic inflammation model.
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Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a cytokine produced by many subsets of activated immune cells, is critical for driving inflammation in several models. Using infection as a model for chronic mucosal infection, we previously published that IL-21 is required for the development of gastritis in response to infection. Concomitant with protection from chronic inflammation, -infected IL-21 mice exhibited limited Th1 and Th17 responses in their gastric mucosa.

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Article Synopsis
  • Innate CD8αα+ cells (iCD8α cells) are unique TCR-negative lymphocytes in the intestinal epithelium that play a key role in immune regulation.
  • They produce osteopontin, a cytokine important for immune cell homeostasis and involved in both tissue remodeling and inflammatory responses.
  • Research indicates that iCD8α cells enhance the survival of a specific type of immune cell (NKp46+NK1.1+ IEL), influencing the severity of intestinal inflammation in a mouse model, where fewer iCD8α cells lead to milder inflammatory responses.
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The intestine is continuously exposed to commensal microorganisms, food, and environmental agents and also serves as a major portal of entry for many pathogens. A critical defense mechanism against microbial invasion in the intestine is the single layer of epithelial cells that separates the gut lumen from the underlying tissues. The barrier function of the intestinal epithelium is supported by cells and soluble factors of the intestinal immune system.

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Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are a large and diverse population of lymphoid cells that reside between the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) that form the intestinal mucosal barrier. Although IEL biology has traditionally focused on T cells, recent studies have identified several subsets of T cell receptor (TCR)-negative IELs with intriguing properties. New insight into the development, homeostasis, and functions of distinct IEL subsets has recently been provided.

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Introduction: Immune responses in the intestines require tight regulation to avoid uncontrolled inflammation. We previously described an innate lymphocyte population in the intestinal epithelium (referred to as innate CD8αα , or iCD8α cells) that can protect against gastrointestinal infections such as those mediated by Citrobacter rodentium.

Methods: Here, we have evaluated the potential contribution of these cells to intestinal inflammation by analyzing inflammation development in mice with decreased numbers of iCD8α cells.

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Decreased energy production and increased oxidative stress are considered to be major contributors to aging and aging-associated pathologies. The role of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis has also been highlighted as an important factor affecting different pathological conditions. Here, we present evidence that loss of a small mitochondrial protein Fus1 that maintains mitochondrial homeostasis results in premature aging, aging-associated pathologies, and decreased survival.

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EGFR signaling regulates macrophage function, but its role in bacterial infection has not been investigated. Here, we assessed the role of macrophage EGFR signaling during infection with Helicobacter pylori, a bacterial pathogen that causes persistent inflammation and gastric cancer. EGFR was phosphorylated in murine and human macrophages during H.

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Tregs are essential for maintaining peripheral tolerance, and thus targeting these cells may aid in the treatment of autoimmunity and cancer by enhancing or reducing suppressive functions, respectively. Before these cells can be harnessed for therapeutic purposes, it is necessary to understand how they maintain tolerance under physiologically relevant conditions. We now report that transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) controls naive Treg migration patterns via regulation of homeostatic and inflammatory homing receptors, and that in its absence KLF2-deficient Tregs are unable to migrate efficiently to secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs).

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Innate immune responses are critical for mucosal immunity. Here we describe an innate lymphocyte population, iCD8α cells, characterized by expression of CD8α homodimers. iCD8α cells exhibit innate functional characteristics such as the capacity to engulf and kill bacteria.

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The development of gastritis during Helicobacter pylori infection is dependent on an activated adaptive immune response orchestrated by T helper (Th) cells. However, the relative contributions of the Th1 and Th17 subsets to gastritis and control of infection are still under investigation. To investigate the role of interleukin-21 (IL-21) in the gastric mucosa during H.

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In vitro CD4(+) T cell differentiation systems have made important contributions to understanding the mechanisms underlying the differentiation of naive CD4(+) T cells into effector cells with distinct biological functions. Mature CD4(+) T cells expressing CD8αα homodimers are primarily found in the intestinal mucosa of men and mice, and to a lesser extent in other tissues such as peripheral blood. Although CD4(+)CD8α(+) T cells are easily identified, very little is known about their development and immunological functions.

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Autophagy plays a critical role in multiple aspects of the immune system, including the development and function of T lymphocytes. In mammalian cells, the class III PI3K vacuolar protein sorting (Vps)34 is thought to play a critical role in autophagy. However, recent studies have cast doubt on the role of Vps34 in autophagy, at least in certain cell types.

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Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that recognize glycolipid Ags presented by the MHC class I-related protein CD1d. Activation of iNKT cells with glycolipid Ags, such as the marine sponge-derived reagent α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), results in the rapid production of a variety of cytokines and activation of many other immune cell types. These immunomodulatory properties of iNKT cells have been exploited for the development of immunotherapies against a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, but mechanisms by which activated iNKT cells confer disease protection have remained incompletely understood.

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The presence of immune memory at pathogen-entry sites is a prerequisite for protection. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that warrant immunity at peripheral interfaces are not understood. Here we show that the nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule thymus leukemia antigen (TL), induced on dendritic cells interacting with CD8αα on activated CD8αβ(+) T cells, mediated affinity-based selection of memory precursor cells.

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