FgCWM1 modulates TaNDUFA9 to inhibit SA synthesis and reduce FHB resistance in wheat.

Background: Fusarium head blight (FHB) significantly impacts wheat yield and quality. Understanding the intricate interaction mechanisms between Fusarium graminearum (the main pathogen of FHB) and wheat is crucial for developing effective strategies to manage and this disease. Our previous studies had shown that the absence of the cell wall mannoprotein FgCWM1, located at the outermost layer of the cell wall, led to a decrease in the pathogenicity of F.

Transcriptomic profiling of wheat stem during meiosis in response to freezing stress.

Low temperature injury in spring has seriously destabilized the production and grain quality of common wheat. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying spring frost tolerance remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the response of a frost-tolerant wheat variety Zhongmai8444 to freezing stress at the meiotic stage.

Genome-Wide Screening for Pathogenic Proteins and microRNAs Associated with Parasite-Host Interactions in .

Tsetse flies are a type of blood-sucking insect living in diverse locations in sub-Saharan Africa. These insects can transmit the unicellular parasite () which causes African trypanosomiasis in mammals. There remain huge unmet needs for prevention, early detection, and effective treatments for this disease.

High Concentration Crystalline Silk Fibroin Solution for Silk-Based Materials.

As a functional biomaterial, silk fibroin has been widely used in drug release, cell encapsulation and tissue regeneration. To meet the requirements of these applications, the properties of silk fibroin-based materials should be finely tunable. Many useful properties of biomaterials emerge from the collective interactions among ordered and disordered domains.

High-cytocompatible semi-IPN bio-ink with wide molecular weight distribution for extrusion 3D bioprinting.

The development of 3D printing has recently attracted significant attention on constructing complex three-dimensional physiological microenvironments. However, it is very challenging to provide a bio-ink with cell-harmless and high mold accuracy during extrusion in 3D printing. To overcome this issue, a technique improving the shear-thinning performance of semi-IPN bio-ink, which is universally applicable to all alginate/gelatin-based materials, was developed.

Identification of a Allele as a Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene in Wheat Line Xiaomaomai.

Powdery mildew, caused by f. sp. (), is one of the most destructive foliar diseases of wheat.

Effects of Chinese herbal medicines on lifespan in Drosophila.

Food ingredients have shown beneficial effect in delaying aging and extend lifespan. There are Chinese herbal medicines in the category of "homology of medicine and food". In order to find out whether these herbal medicines can act as food component to slow aging, this study selected 12 Chinese herbal medicines containing strong antioxidant components, Canarium album, Amomum villosum, Elsholtzia splendens, Foeniculum vulgare, Fructus hordei germinatus, stir-baked Fructus hordei germinatus, Lilium brownie, Citrus medica, Sophora japonica, Myristica fragrans, Herba houttuyniae, Carthamus tinctoriu, and examined the effects on lifespan using Drosophila melanogaster as the model organism.

Effect of Electrospun Silk Fibroin-Silk Sericin Films on Macrophage Polarization and Vascularization.

Biomaterial implantation is followed by an inflammatory cascade dominated by the macrophages, which polarized to the proinflammation M1 phenotype or prohealing M2 phenotype. Generally, silk sericin (SS) is considered to be of high immunogenicity associated with native silk fibers. The blends of silk fibroin (SF) and SS in different mass ratios might elicit different host immune responses and induce macrophage phenotype switch.

Viscoelastic Silk Fibroin Hydrogels with Tunable Strength.

Hydrogels are often used as synthetic extracellular matrices (ECMs) for biomedical applications. Natural ECMs are viscoelastic and exhibit partial stress relaxation. However, commonly used hydrogels are typically elastic.

Arabidopsis sucrose synthase localization indicates a primary role in sucrose translocation in phloem.

Sucrose synthase (SuSy) is one of two enzyme families capable of catalyzing the first degradative step in sucrose utilization. Several earlier studies examining SuSy mutants in Arabidopsis failed to identify obvious phenotypic abnormalities compared with wild-type plants in normal growth environments, and as such a functional role for SuSy in the previously proposed cellulose biosynthetic process remains unclear. Our study systematically evaluated the precise subcellular localization of all six isoforms of Arabidopsis SuSy via live-cell imaging.

Simultaneous nano- and microscale structural control of injectable hydrogels via the assembly of nanofibrous protein microparticles for tissue regeneration.

Injectable hydrogels are advantageous as tissue regeneration scaffolds, as they can be delivered through a minimally invasive injection and seamlessly integrate with the target tissues. However, an important shortcoming of current injectable hydrogels is the lack of simultaneous control over their micro- and nanoscale structures. In this article, the authors report a strategy for developing injectable hydrogels that integrate a fibrous nanostructure and porous microstructure.

Surface Modification of Multiple Bioactive Peptides to Improve Endothelialization of Vascular Grafts.

Endothelialization is an effective approach to prevent thrombus formation and enhance vascular graft survival. Surface modification of biomolecules has been proved to be effective in regulating endothelial cell behaviors. In this study, several peptides including YIGSR, RGD, and REDV sequences are covalently immobilized on the surface of electrospun silk fibroin scaffolds and the effects of combined application of these peptides on cell behaviors are studied.

Growth factor-free salt-leached silk scaffolds for differentiating endothelial cells.

Recently, controllable kinetic assembly was introduced into the salt-leaching process with silk proteins to form scaffolds, which achieved improvement in tuning the micro-structural and mechanical properties. Here, more control of the kinetic assembly of silk in the process was integrated into salt-leaching process, resulting in significant mechanical modification of the scaffolds generated. Both glycerol additions and treatment to concentrate the protein were used to tune hydrophilic interactions during aqueous solution processing and to reduce beta-sheet formation during the salt-leaching process.

A methodology for detecting the wound state sensing in terms of its colonization of pathogenic bacteria.

A methodology for wound state sensing in terms of its colonization with pathogenic bacteria such as or has been developed. Here we report polydiacetylene (PDA) liposomes containing self-quenched carboxyfluorescein dye are only sensitive to toxins/enzymes secreted by Pathogenic bacteria but not by non-pathogenic species of (DH5α). The basis of the detection assay is that at high concentration, carboxyfluorescein is non-fluorescent.

Facile incorporation of REDV into porous silk fibroin scaffolds for enhancing vascularization of thick tissues.

Rapid neovascularization within scaffolds is critical for the regeneration of thick complex tissues. The surface immobilization of peptides and other active molecules have been explored to improve the vascularization capacity of implants. However, the rapid degradation of these molecules, the reaction conditions and cross-linking usually result in decreased vascularization capability.

Enhancing neural differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells by conductive graphene/silk fibroin films.

Nerve regeneration and function recovery remain challenges for tissue engineering. The application of suitable scaffold in tissue engineering has been demonstrated to be able to enhance nerve regeneration and differentiation. However, a desired scaffold must meet the requirements of good cytocompatibility and high electrical conductivity simultaneously.

Bacteria-responsive intelligent wound dressing: Simultaneous In situ detection and inhibition of bacterial infection for accelerated wound healing.

The evolved resistance of antibiotics exhibited by some dreaded clinical pathogens and formation of biofilms has caused life-threatening problems for patients with burns and other wounds. Here, in order to avoid antibiotic overuse, and thus decreasing the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, a theranostic wound dressing, composed of biocompatible UV-photocrosslinkable methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) encapsulating both antimicrobial and fluorescent vesicles, has been developed. The system can respond to the microbiological environment of the wound via a simple color change and antimicrobials release only when require and this is in essence passive as they do not respond to their local environments and benign bacteria, and only operates when pathogenic bacteria exist.

Silk fibroin scavenges hydroxyl radicals produced from a long-term stored water-soluble fullerene system.

Fullerene has been investigated for use in intratracheal instillation and inhalation. However, its use may be compromised due to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from a long-term stored water-soluble fullerene system, which will result in pulmonary injury. In this study, we investigated the ability of different concentrations of silk fibroin (SF) to scavenge hydroxyl radicals (OH˙) produced by a water-soluble fullerene system.

Regulating Coupling Efficiency of REDV by Controlling Silk Fibroin Structure for Vascularization.

Controlled and rapid vascularization of engineered tissues remains one of the main challenges for tissue engineering. The immobilization of peptides and other bioactive molecules on the scaffolds has been demonstrated to be able to improve vascularization. However, the density of peptides modified on the scaffold surface is an important factor influencing vascularization.

Fabrication of Silk Scaffolds with Nanomicroscaled Structures and Tunable Stiffness.

Detailed control of nano- and microstructures in porous biomaterial scaffold systems is important for control of interfacial and biological functions. Self-assembled silk protein nanostructured building blocks were incorporated into salt-leached scaffolds to control these features. Controllable concentration and pH were used to induce the formation of amorphous silk nanofibers in solution and also to reduce β-sheet transformation during the more traditional salt-leaching process.

Silk scaffolds for musculoskeletal tissue engineering.

The musculoskeletal system, which includes bone, cartilage, tendon/ligament, and skeletal muscle, is becoming the targets for tissue engineering because of the high need for their repair and regeneration. Numerous factors would affect the use of musculoskeletal tissue engineering for tissue regeneration ranging from cells used for scaffold seeding to the manufacture and structures of materials. The essential function of the scaffolds is to convey growth factors as well as cells to the target site to aid the regeneration of the injury.

Salt-leached silk scaffolds with tunable mechanical properties.

Substrate mechanical properties have remarkable influences on cell behavior and tissue regeneration. Although salt-leached silk scaffolds have been used in tissue engineering, applications in softer tissue regeneration can be encumbered with excessive stiffness. In the present study, silk-bound water interactions were regulated by controlling processing to allow the preparation of salt-leached porous scaffolds with tunable mechanical properties.