Supply- and demand-side drivers of the change in the sugar density of food purchased between 2015 and 2018 in Great Britain.

The UK government launched a two-component sugar-reduction programme in 2016, one component is the taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages, the Soft Drinks Industry Levy, and the second is a voluntary sugar reduction programme for products contributing most to children's sugar intakes. These policies provided incentives both for industry to change the products they sell and for people to change their food and beverage choices through a 'signalling' effect that has raised awareness of excess sugar intakes in the population. In this study, we aimed to identify the relative contributions of the supply- and demand-side drivers of changes in the sugar density of food and beverages purchased in Great Britain.

Variety Is the Spice of Life: Diverse Social Networks Are Associated With Social Cohesion and Well-Being.

Both homophily and heterophily are observed in humans. Homophily reinforces homogeneous social networks, and heterophily creates new experiences and collaborations. However, at the extremes, high levels of homophily can cultivate prejudice toward out-groups, whereas high levels of heterophily can weaken in-group support.

Lessons on food security from the COVID-19 pandemic in Bermuda.

Compared with other OECD countries, Bermuda ranks third globally in terms of income inequality globally. During the COVID-19 pandemic, anecdotal evidence suggested, significant fluctuations in the food demand and supply. We aimed to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food insecurity, with a focus on the availability and affordability of various foods in Bermuda.

Effect of Tacrolimus Time in Therapeutic Range on Postoperative Recurrence in Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation for Liver Cancer.

Background And Objective: Liver cancer is the second highest cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It is commonly treated with liver transplantation, where tacrolimus is typically used as an antirejection immunosuppressant. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of tacrolimus time in therapeutic range (TTR) on liver cancer recurrence in liver transplant recipients and to compare the performance of TTRs calculated according to the target ranges recommended in published guidelines.

Plasma metabolomic profiling reveals factors associated with dose-adjusted trough concentration of tacrolimus in liver transplant recipients.

Inter- and intrapatient variability of tacrolimus exposure is a vital prognostic risk factor for the clinical outcome of liver transplantation. New factors or biomarkers characterizing tacrolimus disposition is essential for optimal dose prediction in recipients of liver transplant. The aim of the study was to identify potential plasma metabolites associated with the dose-adjusted trough concentration of tacrolimus in liver transplant recipients by using a global metabolomic approach.

Lower tacrolimus time in therapeutic range is associated with inferior outcomes in adult liver transplant recipients.

Previous studies on solid organ transplantation have reported that a low time in therapeutic range (TTR) of tacrolimus increases the risk of poor outcomes. However, the reproducibility of the findings in liver transplantation has not yet been confirmed. The TTR, coefficient of variation (CV) and standard deviation (SD) were calculated for 207 adult liver transplant patients from the date of transplantation until the first episode of acute rejection (AR), graft loss, acute kidney injury (AKI), biliary complications, infection or the last follow-up.

Synergistic Catalysis by Single-Atom Catalysts and Redox Mediator to Improve Lithium-Oxygen Batteries Performance.

Lithium-oxygen (Li-O ) batteries with ultrahigh theoretical energy density have attracted widespread attention while there are still problems with high overpotential and poor cycle stability. Rational design and application of efficient catalysts to improve the performance of Li-O batteries is of significant importance. In this work, Co single atoms catalysts are successfully combined with redox mediator (lithium bromide [LiBr]) to synergistically catalyze electrochemical reactions in Li-O batteries.

Circadian clock protein CRY1 prevents paclitaxel‑induced senescence of bladder cancer cells by promoting p53 degradation.

Bladder cancer is a common tumor type of the urinary system, which has high levels of morbidity and mortality. The first‑line treatment is cisplatin‑based combination chemotherapy, but a significant proportion of patients relapse due to the development of drug resistance. Therapy‑induced senescence can act as a 'back‑up' response to chemotherapy in cancer types that are resistant to apoptosis‑based anticancer therapies.

Does ethnic diversity affect well-being and allostatic load among people across neighbourhoods in England?

Modern societies are facing unprecedented changes in their ethnic composition. Increasing ethnic diversity poses critical new challenges as people interact with new cultures, norms, and values, or avoid such encounters. Heated academic and political debates focus on whether and how changes in ethnic composition affect societies and local communities.

Resistin Gene Polymorphism Is an Influencing Factor of Postoperative Pain for Chinese Patients.

Background: Gene polymorphism is an important factor affecting the efficacy and dosage of opioids. A recent study showed RETN rs3745367 was associated with postoperative pain intensity. OPRM1 gene was confirmed to affect the postoperative analgesic consumption of morphine and other opioids.

Guiding Smooth Li Plating and Stripping by a Spherical Island Model for Lithium Metal Anodes.

Lithium metal anodes are considered as promising candidates for next-generation high-energy-density batteries. However, the dendrite formation of Li metal anodes during charge-discharge results in some serious issues. Herein, we show a simple way to flatten the Li metal deposition surface on Ag-modified Cu foil using a spherical island model.

PXR haplotype clusters will affect the pharmacokinetics of ciclosporin in Chinese renal transplant recipients.

Objective: PXR was reported to be the key nuclear receptor regulating the expression of metabolizing enzymes and transporters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of PXR haplotype clusters on ciclosporin concentration in Chinese renal transplant recipients during the early stage after transplantation.

Methods: A total of 98 recipients receiving ciclosporin were genotyped by PCR-RFLP, and the ciclosporin concentration was determined by EMIT.

Magnetic orders and origin of exchange bias in Co clusters embedded oxide nanocomposite films.

Magnetic nanoparticles embedded oxide semiconductors are interesting candidates for spintronics in view of combining ferromagnetic (FM) and semiconducting properties. In this work, Co-ZnO and Co-VO nanocomposite thin films are synthesized by Co ion implantation in crystalline thin films. Magnetic orders vary with the implantation fluence in Co-ZnO, where superparamagnetic (SPM) order appears in the low-fluence films (2  ×  10 and 4  ×  10 ions cm) and FM order co-exists with the SPM phase in high-fluence films (1  ×  10 ions cm).

Oxygen-Induced Bi-Self-Doped BiVO with a p-n Homojunction Toward Promoting the Photocatalytic Performance.

Bi-self-doped BiVO (Bi-BVO) nanotubes with p-n homojunctions are fabricated via an oxygen-induced strategy. Calcinating the as-spun fibers with abundant oxygen plays a pivotal role in achieving Bi self-doping. Density functional theory calculations and experimental results indicate that Bi self-doping can narrow the band gap of BiVO, which contributes to enhancing light harvesting.

Co-Rich ZnCoO Nanoparticles Embedded in Wurtzite Zn1-xCoxO Thin Films: Possible Origin of Superconductivity.

Co-rich ZnCoO nanoparticles embedded in wurtzite Zn0.7Co0.3O thin films are grown by pulsed laser deposition on a Si substrate.

CYP3A4/5 polymorphisms affect the blood level of cyclosporine and tacrolimus in Chinese renal transplant recipients.

Objective: Both cyclosporine and tacrolimus display a narrow therapeutic index as well as high interindividual pharmacokinetic variability. We approached the effect of the CYP3A4*18B and CYP3A5*3 polymorphisms and haplotypes on the whole blood cyclosporine or tacrolimus concentration in Chinese renal transplant patients during the first month after transplantation.

Materials And Methods: A total of 83 recipients receiving tacrolimus or cyclosporine was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).