Walking and falling: Using robot simulations to model the role of errors in infant walking.

What is the optimal penalty for errors in infant skill learning? Behavioral analyses indicate that errors are frequent but trivial as infants acquire foundational skills. In learning to walk, for example, falling is commonplace but appears to incur only a negligible penalty. Behavioral data, however, cannot reveal whether a low penalty for falling is beneficial for learning to walk.

Pitfall or pratfall? Behavioral differences in infant learning from falling.

Researchers routinely infer learning and other unobservable psychological functions based on observable behavior. But what behavioral changes constitute evidence of learning? The standard approach is to infer learning based on a single behavior across individuals, including assumptions about the direction and magnitude of change (e.g.

Treosulfan Versus Busulfan-based Conditioning in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

It is unclear whether there is a difference in outcomes with treosulfan or busulfan-based conditioning in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We reviewed the evidence on this topic through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the comparison between treosulfan and busulfan-based conditioning in pediatric patients undergoing HSCT for instance. Six studies were included.

From description to generalization, or there and back again.

In his target article, Yarkoni prescribes descriptive research as a potential antidote for the generalizability crisis. In our commentary, we offer four guiding principles for conducting descriptive research that is generalizable and enduring: (1) prioritize context over control; (2) let naturalistic observations contextualize structured tasks; (3) operationalize the target phenomena rigorously and transparently; and (4) attend to individual data.

Real-time processes in the development of action planning.

Across species and ages, planning multi-step actions is a hallmark of intelligence and critical for survival. Traditionally, researchers adopt a "top-down" approach to action planning by focusing on the ability to create an internal representation of the world that guides the next step in a multi-step action. However, a top-down approach does not inform on underlying mechanisms, so researchers can only speculate about how and why improvements in planning occur.

MiR-16-5p suppresses breast cancer proliferation by targeting ANLN.

Background: In recent years, gene expression-based analysis has been used for disease biomarker discovery, providing ways for better diagnosis, leading to improvement of clinical treatment efficacy. This study aimed to explore the role of miR-16-5p and ANLN in breast cancer (BC).

Methods: Cohort datasets of BC were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and analyzed by bioinformatics tools.

Children do not distinguish efficient from inefficient actions during observation.

Observation is a powerful way to learn efficient actions from others. However, the role of observers' motor skill in assessing efficiency of others is unknown. Preschoolers are notoriously poor at performing multi-step actions like grasping the handle of a tool.

Assessment of 2-allyl-4,5-dimethoxyphenol safety and attractiveness to mature males of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel).

Males of the Oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) are highly attracted to, and compulsively feed, on methyl eugenol (ME). ME is converted into 2-allyl-4,5-dimethoxyphenol (DMP) and (E)-coniferyl alcohol (E-CF), which are temporarily sequestered in the fly's rectal gland prior to being released at dusk. Previous research initially confirmed that DMP is a relatively strong lure to B.

The impact of errors in infant development: Falling like a baby.

What is the role of errors in infants' acquisition of basic skills such as walking, skills that require immense amounts of practice to become flexible and generative? Do infants change their behaviors based on negative feedback from errors, as suggested by "reinforcement learning" in artificial intelligence, or do errors go largely unmarked so that learning relies on positive feedback? We used falling as a model system to examine the impact of errors in infant development. We examined fall severity based on parent reports of prior falls and videos of 563 falls incurred by 138 13- to 19-month-old infants during free play in a laboratory playroom. Parent reports of notable falls were limited to 33% of infants and medical attention was limited to 2% of infants.

Look before you fit: The real-time planning cascade in children and adults.

Goal-directed actions involve problem solving-how to coordinate perception and action to get the job done. Whereas previous work focused on the ages at which children succeed in problem solving, we focused on how children solve motor problems in real time. We used object fitting as a model system to understand how perception and action unfold from moment to moment.

Cloning, expression, and characterization of a novel nitrilase, PaCNit, from Pannonibacter carbonis Q4.6.

Objective: Identification of a heavy metal ion-stimulated nitrilase with broad-spectrum substrate specificity.

Results: A novel nitrilase, PaCNit, was identified from Pannonibacter carbonis Q4.6 and its enzymatic properties were investigated.

Lysines 207 and 325 methylation of WDR5 catalyzed by SETD6 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and migration.

Accumulating evidence has revealed that the methylation of lysines on nonhistones by histone lysine methyltransferases (HMTs) is crucial for regulating tumo-rigenesis and metastasis. However, whether the methy-lation of lysines on HMT complex components occurs and has functions in cancer progression is less well understood. WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) is a core component of an HMT complex named mixed lineage leukemia (MLL)/Suppressor of Variegation, Enhancer of Zeste, and Trithorax 1 (SET1).

Lithium chloride inhibits cell survival, overcomes drug resistance, and triggers apoptosis in multiple myeloma via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an extremely malignant plasma cell disease, which is still incurable due to its drug resistance. Lithium chloride (LiCl) functions in many pathological processes, including bipolar disorder, acute brain injuries, and chronic neurodegenerative diseases, but its antagonistic role in MM progression has not been reported thus far. In this study, we found that LiCl inhibited MM cell proliferation and induced MM cell cycle G2/M phase arrest in a dose-dependent manner.

[Effects of HDAC Inhibitor Scriptaid on IM9 Cell Line and Its Mechanism].

Objective: To study the effect of HDAC inhibitor Scriptaid on multiple myeloma IM9 cells and preliminarily clarify the mechanism of Scriptaid-induced cell apoptosis.

Methods: The cell viability, cell cycle and cell apoptosis were measured by CCK8 assay and flow cytometry respectively, the relative target gene expression levels were detected by RT-PCR, the effect of Scriptaid on p21 promoter activity was detected by using luciferase reporter assay.

Results: Scriptaid inhibited IM9 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner.

Scriptaid inhibits cell survival, cell cycle, and promotes apoptosis in multiple myeloma via epigenetic regulation of p21.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an extremely serious plasma cell malignancy. Despite the recent introduction of chemotherapies such as bortezomib and lenalidomide, it remains an incurable disease due to the high rate of relapse and the development of drug resistance. Epigenetic regulation is closely related to MM progression, but the epigenetic modification mechanism of MM cell apoptosis has remained unclear.

Histone deacetylase inhibitor NaBut suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by targeting p21 in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an extremely serious hematological malignancy that remains incurable due to chemotherapy resistance. Epigenetic regulation is closely associated with progression of MM. Histone deacetylase inhibitor NaBut functions in various physiologic processes, including inflammation and differentiation.