Comparative genomics of IncQ1 plasmids carrying bla variants from clinical and environmental sources in Brazil.

IncQ-type plasmids have become important vectors in the dissemination of bla among different bacterial genera and species from different environments around the world, and studies estimating the occurrence of Guiana extended-spectrum (GES)-type β-lactamases are gaining prominence. We analyzed the genetic aspects of two IncQ1 plasmids harboring different bla variants from human and environmental sources. The bla variants were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Aeromonas veronii isolated from hospital effluent and Klebsiella variicola isolated from a rectal swab of a patient admitted to the cardiovascular intensive care unit in a different hospital.

High-risk clones of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae recovered from pediatric patients in Southern Brazil.

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) exhibit high mortality rates in pediatric patients and usually belong to international high-risk clones. This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology and carbapenem resistance mechanisms of K. pneumoniae isolates recovered from pediatric patients, and correlate them with phenotypical data.

Outbreak of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium ST1133 in paediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia from southern Brazil.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate an outbreak of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) in paediatric patients from Hospital Pequeno Príncipe. The susceptibility profile was determined, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to analyse the genetic context of the strains.

Methods: Five VREfm isolates were recovered from sterile sites and surveillance cultures of two paediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Analysis of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Children with Diarrhea in Two Hospitals in Southern Brazil.

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has been increasingly observed in children, but there is a lack of epidemiological and molecular data on CDI in Latin America. This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the role of CDI in children with diarrhea. It included 105 children with antimicrobial-associated diarrhea (AAD) and analyzed the molecular characteristics of strains isolated from two hospitals in southern Brazil between 2017 and 2020.

Lower airway microbiota and decreasing lung function in young Brazilian cystic fibrosis patients with pulmonary Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas infection.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene that leads to respiratory complications and mortality. Studies have shown shifts in the respiratory microbiota during disease progression in individuals with CF. In addition, CF patients experience short cycles of acute intermittent aggravations of symptoms called pulmonary exacerbations, which may be characterized by a decrease in lung function and weight loss.

selection of unveils novel mutations associated with extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance.

The emergence of strains resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) is a worldwide concern because this class of antibiotics represents the last empirical treatment option for gonorrhea. The abusive use of antimicrobials may be an essential factor for the emergence of ESC resistance in . Cephalosporin resistance mechanisms have not been fully clarified.

Novel Insights into Mobilome Reveal Extensive Genetic Variation in Hospital Effluents.

Mobile genetic elements contribute to the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria by enabling the horizontal transfer of acquired antibiotic resistance among different bacterial species and genera. This study characterizes the genetic backbone of in spp. and Klebsiella spp.

Comparative genomics of a novel clade shed light on the evolution of the genus Erysipelothrix and characterise an emerging species.

Erysipelothrix sp. isolates obtained from a deadly outbreak in farmed turkeys were sequenced and compared to representatives of the genus. Phylogenetic trees-supported by digital DNA:DNA hybridization and Average Nucleotide Identity-revealed a novel monophyletic clade comprising isolates from pigs, turkeys, and fish, including isolates previously described as E.

Genome sequencing and analysis of plant growth-promoting attributes from Leclercia adecarboxylata.

Plant growth-promoting bacteria are ecological alternatives for fertilization, mainly for gramineous. Since plant x bacteria interaction is genotype and strain dependent, searching for new strains may contribute to the development of new biofertilizers. We aim to characterize plant growth-promoting capacity of Leclercia adecarboxylata strain Palotina, formerly isolated by our group in corn.

Effects of aroA deleted E. coli vaccine on intestinal microbiota and mucosal immunity.

E. coli infection of broilers can result in systemic diseases and productivity losses. Use of antimicrobials against this condition is common but other approaches, such as vaccination, are gaining ground.

Effect of dietary inclusion of dried apple pomace on faecal butyrate concentration and modulation of gut microbiota in dogs.

This research aimed to evaluate the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, metabolisable energy (ME) and palatability of the diet, as well as products of intestinal fermentation and faecal microbiota of dogs fed with dried apple. For this purpose, three experiments were performed. In Experiment I, digestibility and ME of four diets containing 0%, 3%, 6% and 9% dried apple were evaluated, in addition to the faecal characteristics of the dogs.

Microbial communities network analysis of anaerobic reactors fed with bovine and swine slurry.

Anaerobic digestion can produce biogas as an eco-friendly energy source, driven by a microbial community-dependent process and, as such, suffer influences from many biotic and abiotic factors. Understanding the players and how they interact, the mechanisms involved, what the factors are, and how they influence the biogas process and production is an important way to better control it and make it more efficient. Metagenomic approach is a powerful tool to assess microbial diversity and further, allow correlating changes in microbial communities with multiple factors in virtually all environments.

Cyclophosphamide Increases in the Intestinal Microbiota in Chickens.

Recent data in humans indicate that immunosuppression is correlated with shifts in the intestinal microbiota. However, the relationship between immunosuppression and intestinal microbiota has not been studied in chickens. Thus, we investigated the correlations between immune cells and intestinal microbiota by massive parallel sequencing of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene in chickens immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide.

Diversity of Bacteriophages in the Rhizosphere of : Myoviruses, Filamentous and N4-Like Podovirus.

Using different strains as hosts, we isolated eight new virulent phages from the rhizosphere of the coastal legume . Half of the isolated phages showed a very narrow host range while the other half exhibited a wider host range within the strains tested. Electron microscopy studies showed that phages M_ort18, M_sf1.

Draft Genome Sequence of Pediococcus acidilactici Strain LPBC161, Isolated from Mature Coffee Cherries during Natural Fermentation.

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of strain LPBC161, a lactic acid bacterium isolated from mature coffee cherries in Brazil. The genome sequence of LPBC161 provides valuable information on the mechanisms of adaptation and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the environment and stressor factors of coffee processing.

Effect of an Enterococcus faecium probiotic on specific IgA following live Salmonella Enteritidis vaccination of layer chickens.

Probiotics and immunization are being widely adopted by the poultry industry with the goal of controlling Salmonella enterica. However, the interaction between these two management protocols has been sparsely studied. The present study aimed to understand the role of an Enterococcus faecium probiotic in the production of salmonella-specific IgA in layers immunized with a live vaccine.