Performance of ChatGPT on questions from the Brazilian College of Radiology annual resident evaluation test.

Objective: To test the performance of ChatGPT on radiology questions formulated by the Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia (CBR, Brazilian College of Radiology), evaluating its failures and successes.

Materials And Methods: 165 questions from the CBR annual resident assessment (2018, 2019, and 2022) were presented to ChatGPT. For statistical analysis, the questions were divided by the type of cognitive skills assessed (lower or higher order), by topic (physics or clinical), by subspecialty, by style (description of a clinical finding or sign, clinical management of a case, application of a concept, calculation/classification of findings, correlations between diseases, or anatomy), and by target academic year (all, second/third year, or third year only).

Lung cancer screening in Brazil: recommendations from the Brazilian Society of Thoracic Surgery, Brazilian Thoracic Association, and Brazilian College of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging.

Although lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common and lethal tumors, only 15% of patients are diagnosed at an early stage. Smoking is still responsible for more than 85% of cases. Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose CT (LDCT) reduces LC-related mortality by 20%, and that reduction reaches 38% when LCS by LDCT is combined with smoking cessation.

Pixel-level annotated dataset of computed tomography angiography images of acute pulmonary embolism.

Pulmonary embolism has a high incidence and mortality, especially if undiagnosed. The examination of choice for diagnosing the disease is computed tomography pulmonary angiography. As many factors can lead to misinterpretations and diagnostic errors, different groups are utilizing deep learning methods to help improve this process.

Perfusion-weighted imaging in vestibular schwannoma: the influence that cystic status and tumor size have on perfusion profiles.

Objective: The perfusion profile of vestibular schwannomas (VSs) and the factors that influence it have yet to be determined.

Materials And Methods: Twenty patients with sporadic VS were analyzed by calculating parameters related to the extravascular extracellular space (EES)-the volume transfer constant between a vessel and the EES (Ktrans); the EES volume per unit of tissue volume (Ve); and the rate transfer constant between EES and blood plasma (Kep)-as well as the relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), and by correlating those parameters with the size of the tumor and its structure (solid, cystic, or heterogeneous).

Results: Although Ktrans, Ve, and Kep were measurable in all tumors, rCBV was measurable only in large tumors.

Assessment of risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease.

Objective: To assess the risk factors for interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to evaluate the association of ILD with the use of methotrexate as well as with joint disease activity.

Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted between March and December 2019 at a tertiary healthcare center, in a follow-up of RA patients who had undergone pulmonary function tests (PFT) and chest computed tomography. We evaluated the tomographic characteristics, such as the presence of ILD and its extension, as well as joint disease activity.

Imaging findings of pulmonary contusions on multidetector CT: A retrospective study comparing adults and children.

To describe imaging findings of pulmonary contusions (PC) in adults and children using multidetector computed tomography (CT) scanners. We conducted a retrospective single center study. All chest multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scans of victims of blunt trauma admitted to the emergency unit of a reference trauma center of Brazil between January 2015 and December 2016 were reviewed in search of opacities compatible with PC.

Quantitative assessment of emphysema and bronchial wall thickness in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: comparison between the eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic phenotypes.

Objective: To perform a quantitative assessment of bronchial wall thickening and the emphysema score in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), comparing the eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic COPD phenotypes.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of patients with COPD followed between August 2018 and July 2019. The patients were divided into two groups by the eosinophil count in peripheral blood: eosinophilic (≥ 300 cells/µL); and non-eosinophilic (< 300 cells/µL).

Importance of chest HRCT in the diagnostic evaluation of fibrosing interstitial lung diseases.

Many conditions result in chronic interstitial lung disease (ILD), being classified as fibrosing ILDs, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, connective tissue diseases, sarcoidosis, and fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. HRCT plays an important role in the clinical evaluation of fibrosing ILDs. Current treatment perspectives are encouraging and reinforce the need for HRCT scans of adequate technical quality for early detection of fibrosing ILD.

Dosimetry and Comparison between Different CT Protocols (Low Dose, Ultralow Dose, and Conventional CT) for Lung Nodules' Detection in a Phantom.

Background: The effects of dose reduction in lung nodule detection need better understanding.

Purpose: To compare the detection rate of simulated lung nodules in a chest phantom using different computed tomography protocols, low dose (LD), ultralow dose (ULD), and conventional (CCT), and to quantify their respective amount of radiation.

Materials And Methods: A chest phantom containing 93 simulated lung nodules was scanned using five different protocols: ULD (80 kVp/30 mA), LD A (120 kVp/20 mA), LD B (100 kVp/30 mA), LD C (120 kVp/30 mA), and CCT (120 kVp/automatic mA).

Brainstem hyperintensity in patients with vestibular schwannoma is associated with labyrinth signal on magnetic resonance imaging but not vestibulocochlear tests.

Objectives: Focal hyperintensity in the dorsal brainstem (HDB) has been described in large cerebellopontine angle tumours and is thought to represent vestibular nuclei degeneration, but its functional significance has not been thoroughly investigated. Our aim was to analyse its relationship to imaging characteristics of the tumour and inner-ear structures and to vestibulocochlear functional tests.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 54 patients with a histological diagnosis of vestibular schwannoma (VS).

Laryngotracheobronchial papillomatosis: chest CT findings.

To evaluate the findings on chest CTs in 16 patients (8 men and 8 women) with laryngotracheobronchial papillomatosis. This was a retrospective study involving patients ranging from 2 to 72 years of age. The evaluation of the CT scans was independently performed by two observers, and discordant results were resolved by consensus.

Pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging is similar to chest tomography in detecting inflammation in patients with systemic sclerosis.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are prevalent complications of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and are currently the leading causes of death related to the disease. The accurate recognition of these conditions is therefore of utmost importance for patient management. A study was carried out with 24 SSc patients being followed at the Rheumatology Department of the Hospital de Clínicas of Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) and 14 healthy volunteers, with the objective of evaluating the usefulness of lung magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) when assessing ILD in SS patients.

Metastatic pulmonary calcification: high-resolution computed tomography findings in 23 cases.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in patients diagnosed with metastatic pulmonary calcification (MPC).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the HRCT findings from 23 cases of MPC [14 men, 9 women; mean age, 54.3 (range, 26-89) years].

High-resolution computed tomography findings in eight patients with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in patients with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed HRCT findings from eight cases of HPS. All patients were men, aged 19-70 (mean, 41.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: A State-of-the-Art Review Focused in Pulmonary Involvement.

Dengue fever is an arboviral disease transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female Aedes mosquitoes. Dengue virus is a member of the Flaviviridae family, and human infection can be caused by any of the four antigenically distinct serotypes (DENV 1-4). The infection has become recognized as the most important and prevalent arboviral disease in humans, endemic in almost 100 countries worldwide.

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: A state-of-the-art review.

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a benign disease of the upper aero-digestive tract caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which affects children and young adults. The aim of this review is to describe the main etiological, epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and treatment aspects of RRP. Most infections in children occur at birth, during passage through the birth canals of contaminated mothers.