Effects of modality presentation on working memory in school-age children: evidence for the pictorial superiority hypothesis.

This study investigated the effects of stimulus presentation modality on working memory performance in elementary school-age children ages 7-13. The experimental paradigm implemented a multitrial learning task incorporating three presentation modalities: Auditory, Visual, and simultaneous Auditory plus Visual. The first experiment compared the learning and memory performance of older and younger elementary school children.

Mitochondrial monolysocardiolipin acyltransferase is elevated in the surviving population of H9c2 cardiac myoblast cells exposed to 2-deoxyglucose-induced apoptosis.

Cardiolipin (CL) is a major mitochondrial membrane phospholipid in the mammalian heart and the remodeling of CL is essential to maintain its unique unsaturated fatty acyl composition. We examined CL de novo biosynthesis and remodeling in the surviving population of H9c2 cardiac myoblast cells exposed to 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). H9c2 cells were incubated in the absence or presence of 2-DG for 16 h with [1,3-3H]glycerol or [1-14C]linoleic acid (bound to albumin in a 1:1 molar ratio).

Molecular cloning and expression of Ena/Vasp-like (Evl) during Xenopus development.

Ena/VASP proteins are actin-binding proteins implicated in the regulation of axon guidance, platelet aggregation, cell motility, and cell adhesion. The vertebrate Ena/VASP family is comprised of three genes: Ena (Enabled), VASP (Vasodilator Stimulated Phosphoprotein), and Evl (Ena/VASP-Like). We have cloned and characterized cDNAs encoding three alternatively spliced isoforms of Xenopus laevis Evl, designated Xevl, Xevl-I and Xevl-H.

TAK1 participates in c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling during Drosophila development.

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a member of the MAPKKK superfamily and has been characterized as a component of the TGF-beta/bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway. TAK1 function has been extensively studied in cultured cells, but its in vivo function is not fully understood. In this study, we isolated a Drosophila homolog of TAK1 (dTAK1) which contains an extensively conserved NH(2)-terminal kinase domain and a partially conserved COOH-terminal domain.

Maintenance of asymmetric nodal expression in Xenopus laevis.

Vertebrate species display consistent left-right asymmetry in the arrangement of their internal organs. This asymmetry reflects the establishment of the left-right axis and the alignment of the organs along this axis during development. Members of the TGF-beta family of molecules have been implicated in both the establishment and signaling of left-right axis information.

Left-right asymmetry of a nodal-related gene is regulated by dorsoanterior midline structures during Xenopus development.

Development of asymmetry along the left-right axis is a critical step in the formation of the vertebrate body plan. Disruptions of normal left-right patterning are associated with abnormalities of multiple organ systems, including significant congenital heart disease. The mouse nodal gene, and its homologues in chick and Xenopus, are among the first genes known to be asymmetrically expressed along the left-right axis before the development of organ asymmetry.

Role of notochord in specification of cardiac left-right orientation in zebrafish and Xenopus.

The left-right body axis is coordinately aligned with the orthogonal dorsoventral and anterioposterior body axes. The developmental mechanisms that regulate axis coordination are unknown. Here it is shown that the cardiac left-right orientation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) is randomized in notochord-defective no tail and floating head mutants.

Linkage of cardiac left-right asymmetry and dorsal-anterior development in Xenopus.

The left-right body axis is defined relative to the dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior body axes. Since left-right asymmetries are not randomly oriented with respect to dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior spatial patterns, it is possible that a common mechanism determines all three axes in a coordinate manner. Two approaches were undertaken to determine whether alteration in dorsal-anterior development perturbs the left-right orientation of heart looping.

Mutations sensitizing yeast cells to the start inhibitor nalidixic acid.

The regulatory step Start in the cell cycle of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is inhibited by nalidixic acid (Nal). To study this inhibition, mutations were identified that alter the sensitivity of yeast cells to Nal. Nal-sensitive mutations were sought because the inhibitory effects of Nal on wild-type cells are only transient, and wild-type cells naturally become refractory to Nal.

Image information content and patient exposure.

Presently, patient exposure and x-ray tube kilovoltage are determined by image visibility requirements on x-ray film. With the employment of image-processing techniques, image visibility may be manipulated and the exposure may be determined only by the desired information content, i.e.

Vaginal and cervical cytologic changes following laser treatment.

Carbon dioxide laser treatment is a very effective mode of removal of small fragments of tissue from the cervix which causes minimal bleeding and trauma and is followed by rapid healing. Biopsy sections and particularly cytologic preparations obtained from the areas of laser action indicate that squamous and columnar epithelial cells and possibly fibrocytes in the underlying connective tissue are altered, appearing coagulated and elongated similar to cells which have been removed from an area of electrocautery.