Incidence and survival for childhood cancer by endorsed non-stage prognostic indicators in Australia.

Background: An international expert panel recently recommended 15 'non-stage prognostic indicators' (NSPIs) across eight childhood cancers, classified as essential or additional, for collection in population-based cancer registries. We aimed to describe the incidence distribution and survival of each of these NSPIs.

Procedures: Cases were extracted from the Australian Childhood Cancer Registry.

Temporal changes in childhood cancer incidence and survival by stage at diagnosis in Australia, 2000-2017.

Background: The Toronto Paediatric Cancer Stage Guidelines are a compendium of staging systems developed to facilitate collection of consistent and comparable data on stage at diagnosis for childhood cancers by cancer registries.

Material And Methods: This retrospective, observational cohort study investigated changes in stage-specific incidence and survival for children diagnosed between 2000-2008 compared to 2009-2017 using the population-based Australian Childhood Cancer Registry. Information on mortality for each patient was available to 31 December 2020.

The growing prevalence of childhood cancer survivors in Australia.

Survivors of childhood cancer have an increased risk of long-term health issues arising mostly from the side effects of treatment. Using population-based data from the Australian Childhood Cancer Registry (ACCR) for children aged 0-14 at diagnosis between 1983 and 2018, there were a total of 17,468 prevalent cases of childhood cancer survivors on 31 December 2018. We also found an 80% increase in the number of 5-year prevalent cases, from 1979 in 1988 to 3566 in 2018.

Long-term childhood cancer survival in Australia using period estimation.

Estimates of childhood cancer survival are usually reported at 5 years after diagnosis only. Using cases prevalent between 2014 and 2018 from the population-based Australian Childhood Cancer Registry, we used the period method to calculate relative survival up to 20 years post diagnosis by cancer type. Twenty-year relative survival for all childhood cancers combined (n = 14,353) was 83.

Second Primary Cancers Following Cancer Among Adolescents and Young Adults in Queensland, Australia, 1982-2018.

Increased risk of second primary cancers is an unwanted consequence of cancer survivorship. While the epidemiology of second cancers is well-documented for children and older people, less is known about second cancers among adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors. Unit record data were obtained from the Queensland Cancer Register.

Childhood cancer survival and avoided deaths in Australia, 1983-2016.

Background: Large improvements in childhood cancer survival have been reported over recent decades. Data from cancer registries have the advantage of providing a 'whole of population' approach to gauge the success of cancer control efforts.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate recent survival estimates for children diagnosed with cancer Australia and to examine the extent of changes in survival over the last 35 years.

Changes in cancer incidence and survival among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in Australia, 1997-2016.

Background: This study reports cancer incidence and survival among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and other Australian children, and assesses changes over time.

Procedure: Data were from the population-based Australian Childhood Cancer Registry. The study comprised children aged under 15 diagnosed between 1997 and 2016 and with mortality follow-up until 31 December 2017.

Incidence and survival for childhood central nervous system tumours in Australia, 1983-2016.

Purpose: To investigate incidence and survival of childhood tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) by histological subtype, tumour behaviour and tumour grade.

Methods: National, population-based data on all children under 15 years old diagnosed with a CNS tumour between 1983 and 2016 were sourced from the Australian Childhood Cancer Registry. Incidence rate trends were calculated using Joinpoint regression.

Are outcomes for childhood leukaemia in Australia influenced by geographical remoteness and Indigenous race?

Background: Presenting features, biology and outcome for childhood leukaemia are known to vary by ethnic origin, geographic location and socioeconomic group. This study aimed to compare presentation patterns, follow-up and clinical outcomes in Indigenous and non-Indigenous children with acute leukaemia in Australia, and to assess the impact of remoteness and area-based socioeconomic disadvantage on outcome.

Methods: A retrospective review of children aged between 1 day and 18 years who were diagnosed with acute leukaemia in South Australia (SA), Northern Territory (NT) and Western Australia (WA) between 2009 and 2018 was performed.

Stage at diagnosis and survival by stage for the leading childhood cancers in three populations of sub-Saharan Africa.

The lack of accurate population-based information on childhood cancer stage and survival in low-income countries is a barrier to improving childhood cancer outcomes. In our study, data from three population-based registries in sub-Saharan Africa (Abidjan, Harare and Kampala) were examined for children aged under 15. We assessed the feasibility of assigning stage at diagnosis according to Tier 1 of the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines for patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma [including Burkitt lymphoma (BL)], retinoblastoma and Wilms' tumour.

Survival from childhood cancer in Kampala, Uganda.

Population-based data on survival from childhood cancers in sub-Saharan Africa are sparse. We report data on 221 children with cancer diagnosed between 2010 and 2014 in the population of Kampala, Uganda. Survival for eight of nine children with cancer assessed was below the WHO's global target of 60% (the exception was Hodgkin lymphoma: 86% at 3 years).

Late mortality from other diseases following childhood cancer in Australia and the impact of intensity of treatment.

Background: People who receive treatment for cancer during childhood often experience subsequent complications of therapy, known as late effects, which can lead to an increased risk of death.

Procedure: Using deidentified population-based data from the Australian Childhood Cancer Registry for children aged 0-14 diagnosed with cancer during the period 1983-2011 and who survived for a minimum of 5 years, we examined disease-related deaths (other than cancer recurrence or second primary cancers) that occurred up to 31 December 2016. Risk of death relative to the general population was approximated using standardised mortality ratios (SMRs).

Pediatric hepatic cancer incidence and survival: 30-year trends in Ontario, Canada; the United States; and Australia.

Background: Pediatric hepatic cancer is a rare malignancy, comprising only approximately 2% of all cancers diagnosed in children aged <15 years. The authors sought to describe trends in pediatric hepatic cancer incidence and survival in Ontario, Canada; the United States; and Australia.

Methods: Children aged <15 years who were diagnosed with hepatic cancer from 1985 through 2013 were ascertained through population-based registries and followed from the time of diagnosis until December 31, 2015.

Global trends in incidence rates of childhood liver cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Childhood liver cancers are relatively rare, hence inferences on incidence trends over time are limited by lack of precision in most studies.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published contemporary trends on childhood liver cancer incidence rates worldwide.

Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science.

Survival in patients with multiple primary melanomas: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The literature surrounding survival of patients with multiple primary melanomas (MPM) yields variable and opposing findings, constrained by statistical challenges.

Objectives: To critically examine the available literature regarding survival of patients with MPM compared with a single primary melanoma and detail statistical methods used.

Methods: Electronic searches were performed of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus, with cross-checking of references, for the period January 1956 to June 2019.

Global Trends in Incidence Rates of Primary Adult Liver Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Primary liver cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Global burden varies, reflecting geographical distribution of viral hepatitis. Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of published current trends in incidence of adult liver cancers and histological types worldwide.

Incidence and outcomes of neuroblastoma in Australian children: A population-based study (1983-2015).

Aim: Neuroblastoma predominantly affects younger children and exhibits heterogeneous behaviour. This study describes incidence and outcomes for neuroblastoma using national population-based data from the Australian Childhood Cancer Registry.

Methods: Deidentified data for all children (0-14 years) diagnosed with neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma from 1983 to 2015 were extracted.

Renal tumours in Australian children: 30 years of incidence, outcome and second primary malignancy data from the Australian Childhood Cancer Registry.

Aim: This paper describes the incidence and outcomes of childhood renal malignancies in Australia using national population-based data from the Australian Childhood Cancer Registry.

Methods: De-identified data for children (0-14 years) diagnosed with renal malignancies from 1983 to 2015 inclusive were extracted. Cause-specific (CSS) and event-free survival up to 20 years from diagnosis were estimated using the cohort method.

Primary malignant lung tumors in children: A report from the Australian Childhood Cancer Registry, 1983-2015.

Lung cancers in children under the age of 15 are very uncommon, with a scarcity of literature describing patient characteristics and survival. This study assessed first primary malignant cancers occurring in the trachea, bronchus, or lung (International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd edition [ICD-O-3] codes C33-C34) for the period 1983-2015, using data from the population-based Australian Childhood Cancer Registry. Variables of interest included morphology, sex, age group, and metastatic status at diagnosis.

The incidence of childhood cancer in Australia, 1983-2015, and projections to 2035.

Objectives: To describe changes in childhood cancer incidence in Australia, 1983-2015, and to estimate projected incidence to 2035.

Design, Setting: Population-based study; analysis of Australian Childhood Cancer Registry data for the 20 547 children under 15 years of age diagnosed with cancer in Australia between 1983 and 2015.

Main Outcome Measures: Incidence rate changes during 1983-2015 were assessed by joinpoint regression, with rates age-standardised to the 2001 Australian standard population.

Breast Cancer Incidence and Survival Among Young Females in Queensland, Australia.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed among adolescent and young adult (AYA) females worldwide, but epidemiological patterns unique to this group are often obscured when results are combined with older patients. This study investigates breast cancer incidence and survival among AYA females, including differences by broad stage at diagnosis. A retrospective, population-based cohort study was conducted using de-identified data for females in Queensland, Australia, aged 15-39 diagnosed with a first primary breast cancer between 1997 and 2014 with follow-up to December 31, 2016.

Second primary cancers in people who had cancer as children: an Australian Childhood Cancer Registry population-based study.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of second primary cancers in people diagnosed with cancer during childhood.

Design, Setting: Retrospective, population-based study; analysis of Australian Childhood Cancer Registry data.

Participants: People alive at least two months after being diagnosed before the age of 15 years with a primary cancer, 1983-2013, followed until 31 December 2015 (2-33 years' follow-up).

Stage at diagnosis for childhood solid cancers in Australia: A population-based study.

Background: Stage of cancer at diagnosis is one of the strongest predictors of survival and is essential for population cancer surveillance, comparison of cancer outcomes and to guide national cancer control strategies. Our aim was to describe, for the first time, the distribution of cases by stage at diagnosis and differences in stage-specific survival on a population basis for a range of childhood solid cancers in Australia.

Methods: The study cohort was drawn from the population-based Australian Childhood Cancer Registry and comprised children (<15 years) diagnosed with one of 12 solid malignancies between 2006 and 2014.