Microsoft Bing outperforms five other generative artificial intelligence chatbots in the Antwerp University multiple choice medical license exam.

Recently developed chatbots based on large language models (further called bots) have promising features which could facilitate medical education. Several bots are freely available, but their proficiency has been insufficiently evaluated. In this study the authors have tested the current performance on the multiple-choice medical licensing exam of University of Antwerp (Belgium) of six widely used bots: ChatGPT (OpenAI), Bard (Google), New Bing (Microsoft), Claude instant (Anthropic), Claude+ (Anthropic) and GPT-4 (OpenAI).

Investigating the Link Between Visual Quality and Vision-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Keratoconus.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the optical and visual determinants of vision-related quality of life (VR-QoL) in patients with keratoconus.

Methods: A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium. Patients previously diagnosed with keratoconus and healthy emmetropic or ametropic volunteers were included.

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography and ultrasound biomicroscopy for measuring thickness of corneal and bulbar conjunctival tumours.

Background/objective: Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) are two non-invasive imaging techniques used for the measurement of tumour thickness in corneal and bulbar conjunctival tumours. Histopathology (HP), however, remains the gold standard for the measurement of tumour thickness. The aim of this study was to determine whether AS-OCT and UBM are as accurate as HP for measuring tumour thickness.

Incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after bag-in-the-lens IOL implantation: extended follow-up in a larger cohort of patients.

Purpose: To report the incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and associated risk factors after cataract surgery using the bag-in-the-lens (BIL) intraocular lens (IOL) implantation technique.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Amblyopia with Eccentric Fixation: Is Inverse Occlusion Still an Option?

: To present a treatment protocol for patients with amblyopia and eccentric fixation who do not respond to conventional occlusion therapy.: In this consecutive case series, 11 patients were included (age 3.5 to 5.

Long-term evolution of age-related distance esotropia.

Purpose: To evaluate the evolution of horizontal deviation and fusional amplitudes both at distance and at near in patients with age-related distance esotropia (ARDET).

Methods: The medical records of consecutive patients diagnosed with ARDET between January 2008 and March 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with at least 60 months' follow-up were eligible for inclusion.

To Study and Determine the Role of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography and Ultrasound Biomicroscopy in Corneal and Conjunctival Tumors.

. To analyze and describe corneal and conjunctival tumor thickness and internal characteristics and extension in depth and size and shape measured by two noninvasive techniques, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). .

Binocular Vision in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

Introduction And Purpose: To compare binocular vision measurements between Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) patients and healthy controls.

Methods: Forty-one CFS patients referred by the Reference Centre for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome of the Antwerp University Hospital and forty-one healthy volunteers, matched for age and gender, underwent a complete orthoptic examination. Data of visual acuity, eye position, fusion amplitude, stereopsis, ocular motility, convergence, and accommodation were compared between both groups.

Procedural aspects of the organization of the comprehensive European Board of Ophthalmology Diploma examination.

The comprehensive European Board of Ophthalmology Diploma (EBOD) examination is one of 38 European medical specialty examinations. This review aims at disclosing the specific procedures and content of the EBOD examination. It is a descriptive study summarizing the present organization of the EBOD examination.

Evaluation of UVA Cytotoxicity for Human Endothelium in an Ex Vivo Corneal Cross-linking Experimental Setting.

Purpose: To evaluate endothelial cytotoxicity after exposure of human corneas to ultraviolet-A (UVA) (λ = 365 nm; 5.4 J/cm(2)) in an experimental ex vivo corneal cross-linking setting.

Methods: Sixteen pairs of human donor corneas were cut into two pieces.

Introduction of subspecialty examinations by the European Board of Ophthalmology (EBO) in close collaboration with European Subspecialty Ophthalmological Societies: FEBO-SA.

The European Board of Ophthalmology (EBO) aims to establish common European standards in ophthalmology. The comprehensive EBO Diploma (EBOD) examination has been officially used since 1995 by an increasing number of European countries to assess the level of education in ophthalmology of their residents at the end of their training. The current comprehensive EBOD examination ensures a minimum standard of knowledge.

Incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after bag-in-the-lens intraocular lens implantation.

Purpose: To determine the incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and associated risk factors after phacoemulsification and bag-in-the-lens intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

Setting: Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp, Belgium.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Pediatric bag-in-the-lens intraocular lens implantation: long-term follow-up.

Purpose: To evaluate long-term follow-up results of pediatric cataract surgery using the bag-in-the-lens (BIL) intraocular lens (IOL) implantation technique.

Setting: Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium.

Design: Prospective case series.

Overview of the repeatability, reproducibility, and agreement of the biometry values provided by various ophthalmic devices.

Purpose: To present an overview of the measurement errors for various biometric devices, as well as a meta-analysis of the agreement between biometric devices using the Pentacam, Orbscan, and IOL Master as a reference.

Design: Meta-analysis of the literature.

Methods: The meta-analysis is based on data from 216 articles that compare a total of 24 different devices with the reference devices for the following 9 parameters: mean, steep and flat curvature of the anterior and posterior cornea; central corneal thickness; anterior chamber depth; and axial length.

Distance esotropia in the elderly.

Aim: To describe the clinical features of an under-recognised small esodeviation and horizontal diplopia on distance fixation seen in elderly patients not associated with lateral rectus underaction or coexisting neurological abnormalities.

Methods: 87 elderly patients (age range 62-91 years) with constant or intermittent horizontal diplopia at distance were prospectively recruited and assessed from February 2008 until February 2012. Ocular alignment, fusion amplitudes, and horizontal eye movements were measured for distance and near.

Evaluation of adding item-response theory analysis for evaluation of the European Board of Ophthalmology Diploma examination.

Purpose: To investigate whether introduction of item-response theory (IRT) analysis, in parallel to the 'traditional' statistical analysis methods available for performance evaluation of multiple T/F items as used in the European Board of Ophthalmology Diploma (EBOD) examination, has proved beneficial, and secondly, to study whether the overall assessment performance of the current written part of EBOD is sufficiently high (KR-20≥ 0.90) to be kept as examination format in future EBOD editions.

Methods: 'Traditional' analysis methods for individual MCQ item performance comprise P-statistics, Rit-statistics and item discrimination, while overall reliability is evaluated through KR-20 for multiple T/F items.

Feasibility of multifocal intra-ocular lens exchange and conversion to the bag-in-the-lens implantation.

Purpose: Our purpose was to evaluate the surgical outcome after intra-ocular lens exchange in patients who presented impairing visual complaints after primary multifocal intra-ocular lens (MIOL) implantation. In particular, the study was undertaken to look at the number of eyes that could be equipped with the bag-in-the-lens (BIL) IOL after MIOL exchange.

Methods: This series consisted of 30 eyes of 21 consecutive patients scheduled for MIOL exchange.

Assessment of the bag-in-the-lens implantation technique in diabetic patients.

Cataract is a common condition observed in patients with diabetes mellitus frequently requiring surgical intervention. The bag-in-the-lens (BIL) intraocular implant is an alternative approach to standard lens-in-the-bag cataract surgery. The lens is supported by anterior and posterior capsulorhexes, which confers a number of advantages in terms of lens centration, rotational stability and prevention of posterior capsular opacity.

Five-decade profile of women in leadership positions at ophthalmic publications.

Objective: To evaluate the balance between the sexes of published ophthalmic material at the editorial, reviewer, and author levels.

Design: Cross-sectional study of 3 journals, American Journal of Ophthalmology, Archives of Ophthalmology, and Ophthalmology, for 1969, 1979, 1989, 1999, and 2009. The data were compared with ophthalmologist-in-training and physician profile in major contributing states from North America and Europe during the same period.

Safety of an artificial iris in a phakic eye.

This case report describes the one-year results of the implantation of a sectorial and foldable artificial iris in a phakic eye. To our knowledge, this is the first such report with a follow-up of 1 year. No perioperative or postoperative complications were seen.