Interactions among neuronal, glial and vascular components are crucial for retinal angiogenesis and blood-retinal barrier (BRB) maturation. Although synaptic dysfunction precedes vascular abnormalities in many retinal pathologies, how neuronal activity, specifically glutamatergic activity, regulates retinal angiogenesis and BRB maturation remains unclear. Using genetic studies in mice, single-cell RNA-sequencing and functional validation, we show that deep plexus angiogenesis and paracellular BRB maturation are delayed in retinas where neurons fail to release glutamate.
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