Engaging Preschool and Early Elementary School-Aged Children in Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP).

Engaging children and caregivers in exposure and response-prevention (ERP) is a critical element in effective treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in young children. Several clinical challenges pose barriers to participation and implementation of successful treatment such as specific parenting behaviors (e.g.

Distal technologies and type 1 diabetes management.

Type 1 diabetes requires intensive self-management to avoid acute and long-term health complications. In the past two decades, substantial advances in technology have enabled more effective and convenient self-management of type 1 diabetes. Although proximal technologies (eg, insulin pumps, continuous glucose monitors, closed-loop and artificial pancreas systems) have been the subject of frequent systematic and narrative reviews, distal technologies have received scant attention.

Executive functioning and diabetes: The role of anxious arousal and inflammation.

Individuals who perform poorly on measures of the executive function of inhibition have higher anxious arousal in comparison to those with better performance. High anxious arousal is associated with a pro-inflammatory response. Chronically high anxious arousal and inflammation increase one's risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Videoconferencing for Teens With Diabetes: Family Matters.

Background: Adolescence is a developmental period associated with increased difficulty managing diabetes. During adolescence family functioning, including miscarried helping, family conflict, and acceptance of illness, is an important predictor of adherence to treatment recommendations. Multiple barriers exist to receiving behavioral health interventions to address suboptimal adherence.

Texting Adolescents in Repeat DKA and Their Caregivers.

Background: Text message interventions are feasible, preferable, and sometimes effective for youth with diabetes. However, few, if any studies, have examined the personalized use of text messages with youth repeatedly hospitalized for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and their caregivers. This study characterizes the use of personalized text messages in Novel Interventions in Children's Healthcare (NICH).

Seeing Is Believing: Using Skype to Improve Diabetes Outcomes in Youth.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the relative effectiveness of two modes of delivering Behavioral Family Systems Therapy for Diabetes (BFST-D) to improve adherence and glycemic control among adolescents with type 1 diabetes with suboptimal glycemic control (HbA(1c) ≥9.0% [≥74.9 mmol/mol]): face to face in clinic (Clinic) and Internet videoconferencing (Skype) conditions.

Depressive Symptoms in a Trial Behavioral Family Systems Therapy for Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of Change.

Objective: The objective was to test whether Behavioral Family Systems Therapy for Diabetes (BFST-D), an evidence-based family therapy, produces individual changes in depressive symptoms for adolescents with type 1 diabetes in suboptimal glycemic control (HbA(1c) ≥9.0% [≥74.9 mmol/mol]).

Diabetes and Behavioral Learning Principles: Often Neglected yet Well-Known and Empirically Validated Means of Optimizing Diabetes Care Behavior.

Managing diabetes is known to be invasive, pervasive, and unrelenting, making adherence to the treatment regimen difficult to accomplish. Ongoing clinical and research efforts have attempted to address the struggles faced by youth and adults with diabetes. Recent research supports the integration of behavioral interventions into clinical practice to assist patients and families with the goal of improving health outcomes.

Executive function, adherence, and glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a literature review.

The aim of the present review was to examine and report findings from published research to date that has examined associations between executive function (EF), adherence, and glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes. A review of the published research is presented with the objectives of reporting the following: (1) the associations between EF and adherence, (2) the associations between EF and glycemic control, (3) proposed methodological considerations needed to advance related research, (4) recommendations for future research, and (5) clinical recommendations. The major conclusions of this review support the presence of an association between EF, adherence, and glycemic control.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral interventions for fecal incontinence with constipation.

Background: Multiple treatments exist for fecal incontinence. However, the relative and additive influence of commonly used behavioral approaches remains unclear.

Objective: We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials to synthesize the effects of behavioral treatment of fecal incontinence with constipation in children aged 4-18 years.

Looking forward to transition: perspectives on transition from pediatric to adult diabetes care.

Aim: This study aimed to prospectively investigate transition beliefs, knowledge and needs of pediatric patients with diabetes and their parents.

Patients & Methods: Parallel youth and parent questionnaires evaluating the transition process were distributed over a 6-month time period. Respondents included 123 pediatric patients with diabetes (11-19 years old) and their parents.

Power of magic hands: parent-driven application of habit reversal to treat complex stereotypy in a 3-year-old.

Objective: The authors assessed the effectiveness of habit reversal training (HRT) to treat a complex motor stereotypy in a healthy 3-year-old female.

Method: This data-based case study involved training parents in HRT to deliver the parent-driven intervention to the child. The frequency of the child's behaviors was estimated daily in 30-min intervals by her parents.

Behavioral health care for adolescents with poorly controlled diabetes via Skype: does working alliance remain intact?

Background: Increasingly various technologies are being tested to deliver behavioral health care. Delivering services via videoconferencing shows promise. Given that the patient-provider relationship is a strong predictor of patient adherence to medical regimens, addressing relationship quality when services are not delivered face-to-face is critical.

Gender differences in the relationship between parental report of self-regulation skills and adolescents' management of type 1 diabetes.

Objective: To examine the extent to which self-regulation skills of adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D), including executive functioning and emotion regulation, relate to treatment adherence and glycemic control.

Method: Participants were 109 adolescents aged 12-18 yr with TID and their primary caregiver who attended an outpatient appointment at a pediatric endocrinology clinic. Parents and adolescents completed a measure of treatment adherence.

Getting (the most) out of the research business: interventions for youth with T1DM.

We review research on psychosocial interventions to improve outcomes for youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Specifically, we discuss individual- and small group-focused, family-focused, group-focused, and other interventions. After reviewing extant research in each area, we discuss how the current evidence base may be used to inform clinical practice.

Trichotillomania: A current review.

This review provides a broad and thorough synthesis of the Trichotillomania (TTM) literature as a resource for health professionals seeking the most current and complete information available. For the treatment provider, up to date information can help inform assessment, treatment, or referral decisions. For the student, this review provides a general overview and broad background information necessary to better understand hair-pulling and associated problems.

The phenomenology of hairpulling in a community sample.

Assessment and treatment of trichotillomania (TTM) has evolved substantially over the past decade. However, standardized assessment and empirically supported treatment for TTM is still in early stages of development. We proposed that information important to the ongoing evolution of assessment and treatment could be obtained through the study of hairpulling across its range of severity.

Brief report: normative data on a structured interview for diabetes adherence in childhood.

Objective: This study provides normative data, divided by age and gender, for the Diabetes Self-Management Profile (DSMP), an empirically supported structured interview that assesses adherence with the type 1 diabetes treatment regimen. Despite wide use, normative data on the DSMP have yet to be reported.

Methods: The sample included 444 parents and 275 youth with type 1 diabetes.

Validity and reliability of an adolescent and parent rating scale of type 1 diabetes adherence behaviors: the Self-Care Inventory (SCI).

Objective: Accurate assessment of diabetes regimen adherence behaviors in youth is a challenging endeavor and is limited by a paucity of empirically supported measures. The purpose of this research is to further demonstrate the validity and reliability of the Self-Care Inventory (SCI), a youth and parent report measure of adherence with diabetes self-care behaviors. The SCI was chosen given its ease of implementation, applicability to multiple diabetes regimens, and dual parent/youth formats.

Glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes: family predictors and mediators.

Objective: This study examined predictive and mediated relationships among youth perception of critical parenting, Child Behavior Checklist Externalizing Subscale (CBCL) externalizing problem scores, adherence, and (hemoglobin A(1c) HbA(1c)), in youth with type 1 diabetes from low socioeconomic status families.

Methods: Caregiver/youth dyads (n = 120) completed diabetes specific measures of family functioning regarding diabetes management and structured adherence interviews. Parents completed the CBCL, while assays of youth HbA(1c) were performed.

Family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: comparison of intensive and weekly approaches.

Objective: To examine the relative efficacy of intensive versus weekly cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Method: Forty children and adolescents with OCD (range 7-17 years) were randomized to receive 14 sessions of weekly or intensive (daily psychotherapy sessions) family-based CBT. Assessments were conducted at three time points: pretreatment, posttreatment, and 3-month follow-up.

Assessment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) affects approximately 2-3% of the adult population and is considered a debilitating and costly disorder, with associated impairments spanning the social, occupational, and familial domains. Although effective treatments of OCD exist, many individuals who suffer from OCD go undiagnosed or misdiagnosed, preventing them from obtaining appropriate treatment. As a result, making improvements to the assessment and diagnosis of OCD remains an important area of focus for research and clinical practice.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for PANDAS-related obsessive-compulsive disorder: findings from a preliminary waitlist controlled open trial.

Objective: To provide preliminary estimates of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) of the pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcus (PANDAS) subtype.

Method: Seven children with OCD of the PANDAS subtype (range 9-13 years) were treated in a 3-week intensive CBT program conducted at a university clinic. Six of seven children were taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medication(s) upon presentation.

The psychometric properties of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale.

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation (BFNE) Scale in a nonclinical, nonstudent sample. Participants were administered the BFNE Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the UCLA Loneliness Scale. No differences were found across age, but women scored significantly higher on the BFNE Scale than men.