Peripheral ionotropic glutamate receptors contribute to Fos expression increase in the spinal cord through antidromic electrical stimulation of sensory nerves.

Previous studies have shown that peripheral ionotropic glutamate receptors are involved in the increase in sensitivity of a cutaneous branch of spinal dorsal ramus (CBDR) through antidromic electrical stimulation (ADES) of another CBDR in the adjacent segment. CBDR in the thoracic segments run parallel to each other and no synaptic contact at the periphery is reported. The present study investigated whether the increased sensitivity of peripheral sensory nerves via ADES of a CBDR induced Fos expression changes in the adjacent segments of the spinal cord.

A systematic review of all-ceramic crowns: clinical fracture rates in relation to restored tooth type.

Purpose: The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the clinical fracture incidence of tooth-supported all-ceramic crowns according to restored tooth type.

Materials And Methods: An electronic search of clinical trials published in English and Chinese was performed using four databases (Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database) from 1990 to 2011 and complemented by an additional manual search. The annual core and veneer fracture rates of various tooth types were estimated and compared using Poisson regression.

Effect of ZnCl2 on plaque growth and biofilm vitality.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ZnCl(2) on plaque-growth and vitality pattern of dental biofilm and to determine the optimum zinc concentration for the inhibition of plaque formation.

Design: Data were collected from nine volunteers for whom a special-designed acrylic appliance was prescribed after a careful dental check up. The volunteers rinsed twice daily for 2min with ZnCl(2) of 2.

[A retrospective study on the long-term clinical outcomes of 310 porcelain laminate veneers].

Objective: To investigate the long-term clinical outcomes of porcelain laminate veneers 1-8 years following delivery.

Methods: A total of 310 feldspathic porcelain laminate veneers on anterior teeth or premolars in 49 patients were included in the present study 1-8 years following delivery. All the subjects underwent a detailed clinical examination utilizing modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria.