How have cannabis use and related indicators changed since legalization of cannabis for non-medical purposes? Results of the Canadian Cannabis Survey 2018-2022.

Background: Cannabis use for non-medical purposes was legalized and regulated in Canada through the Cannabis Act in October 2018. This paper examined trends in use of cannabis for non-medical purposes and related indicators from pre- to post-legalization in Canada (2018-2022).

Methods: Data from 5 years of the Canadian Cannabis Survey, an annual web-based survey administered to Canadians 16 years of age or older, were used in the analysis (n=12,952; n=11,922; n=10,821; n=10,733; n=10,048).

Extracellular CahB1 from Sodalinema gerasimenkoae IPPAS B-353 Acts as a Functional Carboxysomal β-Carbonic Anhydrase in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803.

Cyanobacteria mostly rely on the active uptake of hydrated CO (i.e., bicarbonate ions) from the surrounding media to fuel their inorganic carbon assimilation.

Teaching Postsecondary Students to Use Analogies as a Cognitive Learning Strategy: An Intervention.

Analogical reasoning is an important type of cognition often used by experts across domains. Little research, however, has investigated how generating analogies can support college students' self-regulated learning (SRL) of biology. This study therefore evaluated a contextualized cognitive learning strategy intervention designed to teach students to generate analogies as a learning strategy to aid learning within a university biology course.

Using Geocoding to Identify COVID-19 Outbreaks in Congregate Residential Settings: San Francisco's Outbreak Response in Single-Room Occupancy Hotels.

More than 500 single-room occupancy hotels (SROs), a type of low-cost congregate housing with shared bathrooms and kitchens, are available in San Francisco. SRO residents include essential workers, people with disabilities, and multigenerational immigrant families. In March 2020, with increasing concerns about the potential for rapid transmission of COVID-19 among a population with disproportionate rates of comorbidity, poor access to care, and inability to self-isolate, the San Francisco Department of Public Health formed an SRO outbreak response team to identify and contain COVID-19 clusters in this congregate residential setting.

An ancient function of PGR5 in iron delivery?

In all phototrophic organisms, the photosynthetic apparatus must be protected from light-induced damage. One important mechanism that mitigates photodamage in plants is antimycin A (AA)-sensitive cyclic electron flow (CEF), the evolution of which remains largely obscure. Here we show that proton gradient regulation 5 (PGR5), a key protein involved in AA-sensitive CEF, displays intriguing commonalities - including sequence and structural features - with a group of ferritin-like proteins.

Sexual and Emotional Health after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Comprehensive Review and Guidelines from the Francophone Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC).

A person's sexual and emotional life is greatly impacted after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). This topic is not addressed very much by patients and caregivers. Physical, endocrine and genital chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD)-related disorders are multiple and intertwined with psychological disorders.

Quantification of murine myocardial infarct size using 2-D and 4-D high-frequency ultrasound.

Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, Canada, and worldwide. Severe disease is characterized by coronary artery occlusion, loss of blood flow to the myocardium, and necrosis of tissue, with subsequent remodeling of the heart wall, including fibrotic scarring. The current study aims to demonstrate the efficacy of quantitating infarct size via two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiographic akinetic length and four-dimensional (4-D) echocardiographic infarct volume and surface area as in vivo analysis techniques.

Redesigning the photosynthetic light reactions to enhance photosynthesis - the PhotoRedesign consortium.

In this Perspective article, we describe the visions of the PhotoRedesign consortium funded by the European Research Council of how to enhance photosynthesis. The light reactions of photosynthesis in individual phototrophic species use only a fraction of the solar spectrum, and high light intensities can impair and even damage the process. In consequence, expanding the solar spectrum and enhancing the overall energy capacity of the process, while developing resilience to stresses imposed by high light intensities, could have a strong positive impact on food and energy production.

Introduction of the Carotenoid Biosynthesis α-Branch Into sp. PCC 6803 for Lutein Production.

Lutein, made by the α-branch of the methyl-erythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, is one of the most abundant xanthophylls in plants. It is involved in the structural stabilization of light-harvesting complexes, transfer of excitation energy to chlorophylls and photoprotection. In contrast, lutein and the α-branch of the MEP pathway are not present in cyanobacteria.

PGRL2 triggers degradation of PGR5 in the absence of PGRL1.

In plants, inactivation of either of the thylakoid proteins PGR5 and PGRL1 impairs cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I. Because PGR5 is unstable in the absence of the redox-active PGRL1, but not vice versa, PGRL1 is thought to be essential for CEF. However, we show here that inactivation of PGRL2, a distant homolog of PGRL1, relieves the need for PGRL1 itself.

Enhancing photosynthesis at high light levels by adaptive laboratory evolution.

Photosynthesis is readily impaired by high light (HL) levels. Photosynthetic organisms have therefore evolved various mechanisms to cope with the problem. Here, we have dramatically enhanced the light tolerance of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis by adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE).

[Sexual and emotional life after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant: Guidelines and patient booklet from the Francophone Society of Bone marrow Transplant and Cellular therapy (SFGM-TC)].

The Francophone Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC) organises annual workshops in an attempt to harmonise clinical practices among different francophone transplantation centres. The SFGM-TC harmonisation workshops aim at establishing practical guidelines, on the one hand, from data from the literature and international recommendations and, on the other hand, by consensus in the absence of formally proven data. The sexual and emotional life of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplanted (HSCT) patients is often very impacted and remains a subject relatively little addressed by patients and caregivers.

Evidence that cyanobacterial Sll1217 functions analogously to PGRL1 in enhancing PGR5-dependent cyclic electron flow.

In plants and cyanobacteria, the PGR5 protein contributes to cyclic electron flow around photosystem I. In plants, PGR5 interacts with PGRL1 during cyclic electron flow, but cyanobacteria appear to lack PGRL1 proteins. We have heterologously expressed the PGR5 and PGRL1 proteins from the plant Arabidopsis in various genetic backgrounds in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis.

The role of KDEL-tailed cysteine endopeptidases of Arabidopsis (AtCEP2 and AtCEP1) in root development.

Plants encode a unique group of papain-type cysteine endopeptidases (CysEP) characterized by a C-terminal KDEL endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (KDEL-CysEP) and an unusually broad substrate specificity. The three Arabidopsis KDEL-CysEPs (AtCEP1, AtCEP2, and AtCEP3) are differentially expressed in vegetative and generative tissues undergoing programmed cell death (PCD). While KDEL-CysEPs have been shown to be implicated in the collapse of tissues during PCD, roles of these peptidases in processes other than PCD are unknown.

At-a-glance - Opioid surveillance: monitoring and responding to the evolving crisis.

The incidence of opioid-related overdoses is increasing at an alarming pace, largely driven by the increased use of fentanyl and its analogues. The need for sound and reliable sources of data on opioid use is crucial in order to make decisions on implementing efficient interventions, and develop appropriate policies and guidelines to mitigate the burden of opioid use. This article highlights initiatives undertaken by federal partners to address the opioid crisis in Canada.

[The nurse and ethics in a diagnosis of a serious disease].

In the context of the announcement of a diagnosis, a key element of the 2003-2007 cancer plan, nurses spend time with patients to support them and identify their needs. A nurse working in clinical haematology, discusses the specific ethical challenges facing nurses, during these diagnosis consultations and as part of a multidisciplinary team, supporting patients along their care pathway.

Involvement of Arabidopsis thaliana endoplasmic reticulum KDEL-tailed cysteine endopeptidase 1 (AtCEP1) in powdery mildew-induced and AtCPR5-controlled cell death.

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a prerequisite for successful development and it limits the spread of biotrophic pathogens in a rapid hypersensitive response at the site of infection. KDEL-tailed cysteine endopeptidases (KDEL CysEP) are a subgroup of papain-type cysteine endopeptidases expressed in tissues undergoing PCD. In Arabidopsis, three KDEL CysEPs (AtCEP1, AtCEP2, and AtCEP3) are expressed.

Enhancing (crop) plant photosynthesis by introducing novel genetic diversity.

Although some elements of the photosynthetic light reactions might appear to be ideal, the overall efficiency of light conversion to biomass has not been optimized during evolution. Because crop plants are depleted of genetic diversity for photosynthesis, efforts to enhance its efficiency with respect to light conversion to yield must generate new variation. In principle, three sources of natural variation are available: (i) rare diversity within extant higher plant species, (ii) photosynthetic variants from algae, and (iii) reconstruction of no longer extant types of plant photosynthesis.

The deactivation of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: medical, ethical, practical, and legal considerations.

Background: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) cannot prevent death from progressive heart failure or non-cardiac disease. Patients with ICDs may receive defibrillation therapy from their devices in the last days of their lives, when such therapy does not accord with the goal of palliative treatment, but rather lowers these patients' quality of life and compromises their dignity.

Methods: We present a case report and a selective review of pertinent literature retrieved by a PubMed search, including two up-to-date consensus documents.

Successful treatment of cutaneous hemangioma of infancy with topical imiquimod 5%: a report of 3 cases.

Hemangioma of infancy is the most common benign tumor of childhood. Most of these tumors spontaneously regress over several years. However, many parents seek treatment for children with cutaneous hemangiomas because of the potential for disfigurement and the attendant psychosocial effects.

Kindling-induced alterations in GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition and neurosteroid activity in the rat piriform cortex.

The piriform cortex makes strong interconnections with limbic structures (amygdala, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus) that are involved in memory processing. These connections have also been implicated in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy. However, little is known about how neurones in this region may change during seizure genesis.

The lactation consult: problem solving, teaching, and support for the breastfeeding family.

Requests from parents for lactation support have increased significantly in primary care settings. Pediatric nurse practitioners with the ability to assess the newborn as well as the breastfeeding couple are a valuable asset. This article seeks to identify early predictors of breastfeeding problems and how to perform a lactation consultation to address these concerns.

Molecular dissection of the epsilon subunit of the chloroplast ATP synthase of spinach.

The gene encoding the epsilon subunit (atpE) of the chloroplast ATP synthase of Spinacia oleracea has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein can be solubilized in 8 M urea and directly diluted into buffer containing ethanol and glycerol to obtain epsilon that is as biologically active as epsilon purified from chloroplast-coupling factor 1 (CF1). Recombinant epsilon folded in this manner inhibits the ATPase activity of soluble and membrane-bound CF1 deficient in epsilon and restores proton impermeability to thylakoid membranes reconstituted with CF1 deficient in epsilon.