Sclerotic prostate cancer bone metastasis: woven bone lesions with a twist.

Bone metastases are the most severe and prevalent consequences of prostate cancer (PC), affecting more than 80% of patients with advanced PC. PCBMs generate pain, pathological fractures, and paralysis. As modern therapies increase survival, more patients are suffering from these catastrophic consequences.

Genome-editing of a circadian clock gene TaPRR95 facilitates wheat peduncle growth and heading date.

Plant height and heading date are important agronomic traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that affect final grain yield. In wheat, knowledge of pseudo-response regulator (PRR) genes on agronomic traits is limited.

Exogenous hydrogen sulphide promotes plant flowering through the Arabidopsis splicing factor AtU2AF65a.

Alternative splicing (AS) is an important regulatory mode at the post-transcriptional level, through which many flowering genes regulate floral transition by producing multiple transcripts, and splicing factors have essential roles in this process. Hydrogen sulphide (HS) is a newly found gasotransmitter that has critical physiological roles in plants, and one of its potential modes of action is via persulfidation of target proteins at specific cysteine sites. Previously, it has been shown that both the splicing factor AtU2AF65a and HS are involved in the regulation of plant flowering.

Epigenetic Regulation in Response to CO Fluctuation in Marine Microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica.

Microalgae often undergo different CO experiment in their habitat. To adapt to low CO, carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) could be launched in majority of microalgae and CCM are regulated at RNA level are well known. However, epigenetic modifications and their potential regulation of the transcription of masked genes at the genome level in response to CO fluctuation remain unclear.

The innate immune sensor STING accelerates neointima formation via NF-κB signaling pathway.

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation, migration, and phenotypic switching are considered crucial events in the progression of neointima formation. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING), an innate immune sensor of cyclic dinucleotides against pathogens, in neointima formation remains obscure. Here, we observed a significant increase in STING expression on the neointima of injured vessels and mouse aortic VSMCs induced by PDGF-BB.

Functional characterization of the Serine acetyltransferase family genes uncovers the diversification and conservation of cysteine biosynthesis in tomato.

Sulfur-containing compounds are essential for plant development and environmental adaptation, and closely related to the flavor and nutrition of the agricultural products. Cysteine, the first organic sulfur-containing molecule generated in plants, is the precursor for most of these active substances. Serine acetyltransferase (SERAT) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of its formation.

AtPRMT5-mediated AtLCD methylation improves Cd2+ tolerance via increased H2S production in Arabidopsis.

Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PROTEIN ARGININE METHYLTRANSFERASE5 (PRMT5), a highly conserved arginine (Arg) methyltransferase protein, regulates multiple aspects of the growth, development, and environmental stress responses by methylating Arg in histones and some mRNA splicing-related proteins in plants. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a recently characterized gasotransmitter that also regulates various important physiological processes. l-cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD) is a key enzyme of endogenous H2S production.

Identification and functional characterization of a cystathionine β-lyase (CBL) enzyme for HS production in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Sulfide or sulfur metabolism plays an important role in the growth and development of plants. Cystathionine β-lyase (CBL) is an important enzyme in methionine synthesis, but a comprehensive understanding of CBL functions is limited. As the third gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (HS) plays important physiological roles in plants.

Hydrogen sulfide inhibits the abscission of tomato pedicel through reconstruction of a basipetal auxin gradient.

Abscission is an important developmental process and an essential agricultural trait. Auxin and ethylene are two phytohormones with important roles in the complex, but still elusive signaling network of abscission. Here, we found that hydrogen sulfide (HS), a newly identified gasotransmitter, inhibits the initiation of tomato pedicel abscission.

Identification and expression analysis of genome-wide long noncoding RNA responsive CO fluctuated environment in marine microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to participate in plant growth and development as well as response to different biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the knowledge of lncRNA was limited in microalgae. In this study, by RNA deep sequencing, 134 lncRNAs were identified in marine Nannochloropsis oceanica in response to carbon dioxide fluctuation.

HS Persulfidated and Increased Kinase Activity of MPK4 to Response Cold Stress in Arabidopsis.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a gasotransmitter along with nitric oxide and carbon oxide, which is involved in plant growth and development as well as biotic and abiotic stress resistance. In a previous study, we reported that mitogen-activated protein kinases, especially MPK4, are important downstream components of HS involved in alleviating cold stress; however the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, we determined that the ability of HS to alleviate cold stress is impaired in mutants, but not in the upstream and mutants.

THBS1/CD47 Modulates the Interaction of γ-Catenin With E-Cadherin and Participates in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transformation in Lipid Nephrotoxicity.

Hyperlipidemia, an important risk factor for cardiovascular and end-stage renal diseases, often aggravates renal injury and compromises kidney function. Here, histological analysis of human kidney samples revealed that high lipid levels induced the development of renal fibrosis. To elucidate the mechanism underlying lipid nephrotoxicity, we used two types of mouse models (Apoe and C57BL/6 mice fed a 45 and 60% high-fat diet, respectively).

Cloning, expression, and functional analysis of the β-1,3-glucanase gene in Ostrinia furnacalis.

The β-1,3-glucanase gene in Ostrinia furnacalis was first obtained by RT-PCR. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the expression level of β-1,3-glucanase in the midgut of O. furnacalis was higher than in other tissues.

Hydrogen sulfide promotes flowering in heading Chinese cabbage by S-sulfhydration of BraFLCs.

Heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. syn. B.

Orthopaedic Surgeon Brain Radiation During Fluoroscopy: A Cadaver Model.

Background: The aims of this study were to quantify exposure of the surgeon's brain to radiation during short cephalomedullary (SC) nailing, to extrapolate lifetime dose, and to determine the effects of personal protective equipment (PPE) on brain dose.

Methods: Two cadaveric specimens were used: (1) a whole cadaveric body representing the patient, with a left nail inserted to act as the scatter medium, and (2) an isolated head-and-neck cadaveric specimen representing a surgeon, with radiation dosimeters placed in specific locations in the brain. The "patient" cadaver's left hip was exposed in posteroanterior and lateral radiographic planes.

Hydrogen sulfide inhibits ethylene-induced petiole abscission in tomato ( L.).

Abscission is a dynamic physiological process that is ubiquitous in plants and can also be an essential agronomic trait in crops, thus attracting attention from plant growers and breeders. In general, the process of plant organ abscission can be divided into four steps, among which the step to obtain the competence to respond to abscission signals (step 2) is the most complex; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. In this study, we found that hydrogen sulfide (HS) inhibited the abscission of the tomato petiole in a dose-dependent manner, and the abscission of the petiole was accelerated when an HS scavenger was applied.

Cloning and functional analysis of four O-Acetylserine (thiol) lyase family genes from foxtail millet.

Cysteine is the first organic molecule generated during the assimilation of sulfate. As such, cysteine and its derivatives are always essential signal molecules and thus have important roles in the regulation of many plant processes. O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (OASTL) catalyzes the last step of the biosynthesis of cysteine.

Characterization of the O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase gene family in Solanum lycopersicum L.

This research demonstrated the conservation and diversification of the functions of the O-acetylserine-(thiol) lyase gene family genes in Solanum lycopersicum L. Cysteine is the first sulfur-containing organic molecule generated by plants and is the precursor of many important biomolecules and defense compounds. Cysteine and its derivatives are also essential in various redox signaling-related processes.

Hydrogen sulfide alleviates the cold stress through MPK4 in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a gaseous signaling molecule that mediates physiological processes in animals and plants. In this study, we investigated the relationship of HS and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) under cold stress in Arabidopsis. HS up-regulated MAPK expression levels and was involved in the cold stress-related upregulation of MAPK genes expression.

The Ca /calmodulin2-binding transcription factor TGA3 elevates LCD expression and H S production to bolster Cr tolerance in Arabidopsis.

Heavy metal (HM) contamination on agricultural land not only reduces crop yield but also causes human health concerns. As a plant gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (H S) can trigger various defense responses and help reduce accumulation of HMs in plants; however, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of H S signaling. Here, we provide evidence to answer the long-standing question about how H S production is elevated in the defense of plants against HM stress.

Competing Factors Link to Bone Health in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation Takes a Toll.

Chronic inflammation predisposes to poor bone health. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) experience androgen excess, ovulatory disturbances, insulin resistance, abdominal adiposity and chronic inflammation. Our objective was to investigate the relationships among bone health parameters, chronic subclinical inflammation and anthropometric measures in premenopausal women with and without PCOS.

Gait Speed and Variability for Usual Pace and Pedestrian Crossing Conditions in Older Adults Using the GAITRite Walkway.

To determine gait characteristics of community-dwelling older adults at different speeds and during a crosswalk simulation. Twenty-two older adults completed walking trials at self-selected slow, usual, and fast paces, and at a crosswalk simulation, using the GAITRite walkway. These objective measures were complemented by self-report health and mobility questionnaires.

An emphasis of hydrogen sulfide-cysteine cycle on enhancing the tolerance to chromium stress in Arabidopsis.

Increasing attention has been focused on the health of vegetables and grains grown in the contaminated agricultural soil, it is thus meaningful to find ways to reduce the heavy metals (HMs) accumulation in plants. As sulfur is considered to be an essential macronutrient for plant stress defenses, the important role of sulfur assimilation in plants responding to HMs stress has been followed. However, the potential mechanism of the only sulfur-containing gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and its main endogenously generated substrate, cysteine (Cys), in plant defense is poorly understood.

A MADS-box gene NtSVP regulates pedicel elongation by directly suppressing a KNAT1-like KNOX gene NtBPL in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.).

Optimal inflorescence architecture is important for plant reproductive success by affecting the ultimate number of flowers that set fruits and for plant competitiveness when interacting with biotic or abiotic conditions. The pedicel is one of the key contributors to inflorescence architecture diversity. To date, knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of pedicel development is derived from Arabidopsis.