Evaluation of Inflammatory Parameters Following Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and Ureteroscopy for the Treatment of Proximal Ureteral Stones.

Introduction Inflammation can arise as a consequence of both extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and ureteroscopy (URS) treatments. Alterations in inflammatory parameters may serve as indicators of kidney injuries and the ensuing inflammation. This study aims to investigate the effects of ESWL and URS procedures on inflammatory parameters for proximal ureteral stone treatment.

Relationship between ultrasound criteria and voiding ultrasonography (VUS) in the evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).

Aim: To analyze the usefulness of five ultrasound parameters (ureteral dilatation, renal pelvis dilatation, renal parenchyma width reduction, calyceal dilatation, and urothelial reaction) in detecting vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).

Methods: The study included 101 patients with diagnosed and therapeutically treated urinary infection. The ultrasound examination and voiding urosonography (VUS) were carried out according to a standard protocol.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is described neurological condition identifiable by clinical and radiological presentation. It occurs due to elevated blood pressure which exceeds auto-regulatory capacity of brain vasculature. PRES is characterized by headache, confusion, seizures, and altered mental function.

[Asymptomatic isolated microhaematuria--a reason for concern?].

Nephrologists and urologists are frequently faced with patients with asymptomatic isolated microhaematuria (AIMH). This entity is defined as the presence of more than 5 red cells/uL in the sediment of first morning urine, in the absence of symptoms by the urinary tract and in the absence of proteinuria. From 201 children who were referred on the clinical examinations on the Pediatric Clinic in Sarajevo under the diagnosis haematuria in period from 01/01/1997 until 31/08/2002, 87 had AIMH.

[Urinary tract infections and vesicoureteral reflux as a cause of renal parenchymal damage].

Goal: Infection of the urinary tract is a risk for the damage of parenchyma and kidney function. Dimercaptosuccinil acid (DMSA) scan was used based on the relation between vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), infection of the urinary tract (UTI) and parenchymal kidney damage.

Methodology: The number of observed children was 79, 58 (73.