Epidemiology, Biotic Interactions and Biological Control of Armillarioids in the Northern Hemisphere.

Armillarioids, including the genera , and , represent white-rot specific fungal saprotrophs with soilborne pathogenic potentials on woody hosts. They propagate in the soil by root-like rhizomorphs, connecting between susceptible root sections of their hosts, and often forming extended colonies in native forests. Pathogenic abilities of and genets can readily manifest in compromised hosts, or hosts with full vigour can be invaded by virulent mycelia when exposed to a larger number of newly formed genets.

Laparoscopic Intragastric Surgery With Endoscopic Assistance: A 2 Gastrostomy Approach With Multiple Applications.

Purpose: Laparoscopic intragastric resection is a surgical modality with acceptable oncologic outcomes for gastrointestinal stromal tumors and leiomyomas, particularly for masses located near the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). We describe our technique of 2 gastrostomy laparoscopic, intragastric resection with endoscopic assistance.

Methods: We detail our technique and report a unique application of this versatile approach.

Adjuvant Chemotherapy Is Associated With Improved Overall Survival in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer After Achievement of a Pathologic Complete Response to Chemoradiation.

Background: In locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma, 15% to 20% of patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) achieve a pathologic complete response (pCR). The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy is controversial in rectal cancer. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of clinical risk factors and adjuvant chemotherapy usage on the outcomes of the pCR patient population.