Electroencephalography in Orthostatic Tremor: A Prospective Study of 30 Patients.

Background: Orthostatic tremor (OT) is characterized by a sensation of instability while standing, associated with high frequency (1318 Hz) tremor in the legs. Small retrospective series have reported electroencephalography (EEG) findings in OT with discordant results.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled 30 OT subjects.

Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease in Pakistan: Current status, opportunities and challenges.

Parkinson's disease is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease that commonly affects people aged 60 years and above. So far, no treatment has been shown to halt or slow the progression of the disease and our options are limited to symptomatic management. Levodopa is the most preferred antiparkinsonian medication that provides excellent control of symptoms early in the disease.

Ataxia Prevalence in Primary Orthostatic Tremor.

Background: The exact pathophysiology of primary Orthostatic Tremor (OT) is unknown. A central oscillator is assumed, and previous imaging studies show involvement of cerebellar pathways. However, the presence of ataxia on clinical exam is disputed.

Approach to exaggerated startle reflex: a case of hyperekplexia minor.

A broad set of conditions may present with an exaggerated startle reflex in clinics. This, combined with the overall rarity of these disorders, may pose diagnostic uncertainty in the mind of the treating physician. Herein, we report a case of a patient who presented to us with the complaint of exaggerated startle reflex and outline a simple approach towards characterisation of these disorders.

Recognizing Movement Disorder Emergencies - A Practical Review For Non-Neurologist.

Neurology still remains one of the most underserved specialties of medicine in Pakistan with roughly one neurologist per million people. Movement disorders (MD) are neurological problems that interfere with patient's motor abilities and diagnosis is typically clinical. In this review, we describe a practical approach to common MD emergencies that may be encountered by a non-neurologist physician, emphasizing on formulating a working diagnosis and their immediate management.

Pathogenesis of Primary Orthostatic Tremor: Current Concepts and Controversies.

Background: Orthostatic tremor (OT), a rare and complex movement disorder, is characterized by rapid tremor of both legs and the trunk while standing. These disappear while the patient is either lying down or walking. OT may be idiopathic/primary or it may coexist with several neurological conditions (secondary OT/OT plus).

Utilization of rehabilitation therapy services in Parkinson disease in the United States.

Objective: To examine rehabilitation therapy utilization for Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods: We identified 174,643 Medicare beneficiaries with a diagnosis of PD in 2007 and followed them through 2009. The main outcome measures were annual receipt of physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT), or speech therapy (ST).