Simple and cost-effective determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in insulating oils using an ionic liquid-based stationary phase and flow modulated comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with electron capture detection.

In this article we describe a method using flow-modulated comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with electron capture detector (FM-GC×GC-ECD) for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in complex transformer oils bypassing the need for sample preparation. A two-fold improvement in method development was attained. First, the solvation parameter model (SPM) was used to guide column selection.

Thermal desorption modulation for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography using a simple and inexpensive segmented-loop fluidic interface.

In this study, we introduce a modulation strategy for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) by using a simple and consumable-free modulator. This "Do-It-Yourself" interface comprised a 1.0m×0.