Lactic acid production using cheese whey based medium in a stirred tank reactor by a ccpA mutant of Lacticaseibacillus casei.

In lactobacilli, CcpA is known to modulate the expression of genes involved in sugar metabolism, stress response and aerobic adaptation. This study aimed to evaluate a ccpA mutant of Lacticaseibacillus casei BL23 to increase lactic acid production using cheese whey. The ccpA derivative (BL71) showed better growth than the L.

Bluetongue virus in South America: current status based on phylogenetic analysis.

Bluetongue (BT) is an insect-borne disease affecting domestic and wild ruminants. Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the causative agent of the BT disease. BT outbreaks have been widely recorded worldwide.

Bluetongue virus in South America, Central America and the Caribbean.

Bluetongue virus (BTV) has been detected in many parts of the world but the data available from each continent are substantially different. Some regions are not covered by proper surveillance programs and thus, the real situation concerning the incidence of BTV in those regions is unknown. This is the case of Central America, South America and the Caribbean, where few outdated data about the presence and spread of BTV have been reported.

Bell-like homeodomain selectively regulates the high-irradiance response of phytochrome A.

Plant responses mediated by phytochrome A display a first phase saturated by transient light signals and a second phase requiring sustained excitation with far-red light (FR). These discrete outcomes, respectively so-called very-low-fluence response (VLFR) and high-irradiance response (HIR), are appropriate in different environmental and developmental contexts but the mechanisms that regulate the switch remain unexplored. Promoter analysis of a light-responsive target gene revealed a motif necessary for HIR but not for VLFR.