Diversity of Species Causing Anthracnose in Chayote in Brazil, with a Description of Two New Species in the Complex.

Anthracnose caused by species is the most important disease of chayote () in Brazil. The etiology of chayote anthracnose has been assigned to the species , an important plant pathogenic fungus also reported as the causal agent of anthracnose in other cucurbits worldwide. However, there is no recent survey of the species causing anthracnose in chayote in Brazil.

Pseudoplagiostoma humilis sp. nov., a New Fungal Species Causing Shoot Blight and Dieback in Anacardium humile in Brazil.

The cajuzinho do cerrado (Anacardium humile-Anacardiaceae), a shrub species native to Brazil, is harvested for multiple uses in food and medicine. Members of a harvesting community, near the municipality of Bonito de Minas, Minas Gerais state, Brazil reported characteristic symptoms of shoot blight and dieback reducing pseudofruit and seed production by this plant. This study aimed to identify the etiological agent of this disease.

, first congeneric with the myrtle rust pathogen .

In 1895 and 2001, rust fungi affecting trees (Chrysobalanchaceae) in Brazil were described as by Hennings in the state of Goiás and as by Ferreira et al. in the state of Amazonas, respectively. Recently, a rust fungus collected close to the Amazonian type location sharing symptoms with the former two species was subjected to morphological examinations and molecular phylogenetic analyses using 28S nuc rDNA (ITS2-28S) and cytochrome oxidase subunit III (CO3) gene sequences.

The hidden treasures in endophytic fungi: a comprehensive review on the diversity of fungal bioactive metabolites, usual analytical methodologies, and applications.

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the key aspects of the natural metabolite production by endophytic fungi, which has attracted significant attention due to its diverse biological activities and wide range of applications. Synthesized by various fungal species, these metabolites encompass compounds with therapeutic, agricultural, and commercial significance. We delved into strategies and advancements aimed at optimizing fungal metabolite production.

, a new genus of neotropical rust fungi.

Two Cerrado rust fungi, and , described in 1993 and 1995 and originally assigned to families Phakopsoraceae and Ochropsoraceae, respectively, were subjected to molecular phylogenetic analyses using fragments of the nuc 28S and 18S rDNA and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 3 (CO3) gene. Although both taxa were morphologically well placed in their original genera, they were shown to belong in a strongly supported new lineage within the Raveneliineae distant from the Phakopsoraceae and Ochropsoraceae. Therefore, we properly treated this lineage as the new genus now harboring (type species) and .

Ramularia leaf spot: PCR-based methods reveal widespread distribution of Ramulariopsis pseudoglycines and limited presence of R. gossypii in Brazil.

Whilst Brazil is the fourth largest cotton producer globally, incidence of ramularia leaf spot (RLS) has decreased yield. In 2017-18 and 2018-19, ca. 300 fungal samples were collected throughout Brazil.

How Deep Can the Endophytic Mycobiome Go? A Case Study on Six Woody Species from the Brazilian Cerrado.

Elucidating the complex relationship between plants and endophytic fungi is very important in order to understand the maintenance of biodiversity, equity, stability, and ecosystem functioning. However, knowledge about the diversity of endophytic fungi from species of the native Brazilian Cerrado biome is poorly documented and remains largely unknown. These gaps led us to characterize the diversity of Cerrado endophytic foliar fungi associated with six woody species (, , , , , and ).

Endophytic species of Induratia from coffee and carqueja plants from Brazil and its potential for the biological control of toxicogenic fungi on coffee beans by means of antimicrobial volatiles.

Several endophytic fungi have been reported to have produced bioactive metabolites. Some of them, including the Induratia species, have the capacity to emit volatile compounds with antimicrobial properties with broad spectrum against human and plant pathogens. The present study aimed to prospect the Induratia species producing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), in carqueja plants used in alternative medicine and coffee plants in Brazil.

Filling a gap in the taxonomy of phyllachoroid fungi: Proposition of , gen. nov., and the new family Neopolystigmataceae.

A -like found on an herbaceous to shrubby species of Fabaceae () in the Brazilian Cerrado was morphologically close to , a leaf parasite on collected in Central America and Brazil. Phylogenetic analyses using a combination of the rDNA 28S, 18S, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions placed both fungi in the Phyllachorales, and not in Polystigamataceae/Xylariales, where species belong, and characteristically found on members of the Rosaceae, causing red leaf blotch containing bright-colored fungal stromata spread on the lesions. This disease prevails in orchards in the Northern Hemisphere, infecting , and species, but never in the Tropics.

Sequencing and characterization of an L-asparaginase gene from a new species of Penicillium section Citrina isolated from Cerrado.

The enzyme L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) is used in the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. The preparations of this enzyme for clinical use are derived from bacterial sources and its use is associated with serious adverse reactions. In this context, it is important to find new sources of L-ASNase.

Filamentous Fungi Producing l-Asparaginase with Low Glutaminase Activity Isolated from Brazilian Savanna Soil.

l-asparaginase is an enzyme used as treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) due to its ability to hydrolyze l-asparagine, an essential amino acid synthesized by normal cells unlike neoplastic cells. The adverse effects of l-asparaginase formulations are associated with its glutaminase activity and bacterial origin; therefore, it is important to find new sources of l-asparaginase-producing eukaryotic microorganisms with low glutaminase activity. This work evaluated the biotechnological potential of filamentous fungi isolated from Brazilian Savanna soil and plants for l-asparaginase production.

sp. nov.: A New Species Causing Black Pod Disease on Cacao in Brazil.

Black pod disease, caused by species, is among the main limiting factors of cacao ( L.) production. High incidence levels of black pod disease have been reported in Brazil, being induced by , , , and .

A molecular approach reveals as the causal agent of rust on plum and peach in Brazil.

Plum and peach are important crops in the southernmost regions of Brazil and in the majority, fresh fruit producers are small producers, which guarantee their family income. and are the etiological agents of rust on (plum) and (peach) in Brazil (Mendes and Urben, 2020). The molecular characterization of specimens revealed different clades that are not attributed to known species, showing the need for taxonomic evaluation of species in the tropics (Scholler et al.

First Report of Causing Leaf Wilt, Flower Rot, and Stem Necrosis on .

(Fabaceae) is used as green manure crop because of its nitrogen fixation and nematode control (Nascimento et al. 2020). In April 2018, leaf wilting, flower rot, and stem necrosis symptoms were observed on with 100% incidence, in Sorriso (12° 33' 31″ S, 55º 42' 51″ W), Santa Carmem (11° 55' 52″ S, 55º 16' 47″ W), and Sapezal (12º 59' 22″ S, 58º 45' 52″ W) counties in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Three new species of causing fruit rot on different hosts from Brazil.

The genus (Nectriaceae), originally described as a soil-borne fungus, has been associated with postharvest diseases, especially of tropical fruits. Taxonomic studies using both morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses have contributed to recognition of novel species in several countries. However, in Brazil, only three isolates of have been collected from soil samples and roots since the late 1970s.

: an enigmatic fungus, previously considered a basidiomycete, now revealed as an ascomycete member of the Gomphillaceae.

has been treated as a basidiomycete since its first description by Spegazzini in 1886 as . After further morphological studies, between 1919 and 2011, it remained among the basidiomycetes, most recently as incertae sedis in the order Cryptobasidiales. Our studies, based on light and scanning electron microscopy, supported by multilocus phylogenetic analyses-second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (), small subunit (18S), large subunit (28S), and nuclear internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.

Phylogenetic relationships of and recognition of a new family, Phaeochorellaceae (Diaporthales).

Species of are biotrophic leaf parasites with a tropical distribution, traditionally accepted in the family Phyllachoraceae, Phyllachorales in classifications based on morphological characters. Phylogenetic evidence presented here resolves the relationship of within the Sordariomycetes, based on a multilocus analysis of partial nuc rDNA large subunit (28S) and internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS), the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (), and the translation elongation factor 1-α () gene.

Taxonomy, phylogeny, and divergence time estimation for Apiosphaeria guaranitica, a Neotropical parasite on bignoniaceous hosts.

Apiosphaeria guaranitica, the causal agent of brown crust disease of several bignoniaceous hosts, among them Handroanthus and Tabebuia species, has been traditionally placed in Phyllachoraceae, based exclusively on morphological studies, without supporting molecular evidence. Here, we provide molecular data for the link between sexual and asexual states of the fungus and elucidate the phylogeny of A. guaranitica.

Naming Potentially Endangered Parasites: Foliicolous Mycobiota of Dimorphandra wilsonii, a Highly Threatened Brazilian Tree Species.

A survey of foliicolous fungi associated with Dimorphandra wilsonii and Dimorphandra mollis (Fabaceae) was conducted in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Dimorphandra wilsonii is a tree species native to the Brazilian Cerrado that is listed as critically endangered. Fungi strictly depending on this plant species may be on the verge of co-extinction.

Uromyces hawksworthii nom. nov. for Aecidium goyazense, on Phthirusa stelis (Loranthaceae) from the Brazilian Cerrado.

The sexual morph of Aecidium goyazense collected in the Brazilian Cerrado was morphologically characterized by light microscopy and SEM, and shown to be a species of Uromyces, for which the name Uromyces hawksworthii nom. nov. is introduced, and designated as its epitype.

New Meliolaceae from the Brazilian Atlantic forest 2: species on host families Annonaceae, Cecropiaceae, Meliaceae, Piperaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae and Tiliaceae.

Continuing the study of black mildews in fragments of the Atlantic forest, three new species and five new records are described herein. Irenopsis luheae-grandiflorae, Meliola vicosensis and Meliola xylopia-sericiae are new species. Cecropia hololeuca, Piper gaudichaudianum and Trichilia lepidota are new hosts for Asteridiella leucosykeae, Asteridiella glabroides and Meliola trichiliae respectively.

Phylogenetic placement of the genus Anhellia and the description of A. nectandrae sp. nov.

The phylogenetic position of a new species of Anhellia (Myriangiales) was investigated by analysis of nucleotide sequences of ribosomal large subunit (LSU) and ITS regions. The new sequence was aligned with 28 sequences obtained from GenBank, including four species of Davidiellaceae (Capnodiales) used as outgroup. This study is the first attempt to resolve the placement of the genus Anhellia within Myriangiales.

New Meliolaceae from the Brazilian Atlantic forest 1. Species on hosts in the families Asteraceae, Burseraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae and Sapindaceae.

Five new species, two new varieties and three newly reported taxa belonging to the Meliolaceae were collected in fragments of Atlantic forest from Minas Gerais, Brazil, in association with native plants and are described and illustrated herein. The newly described species are Appendiculella eupatorii, Meliola cassiae-ferrugineae, M. mutisiae, M.