The Immunohistochemical Profile of Mammary Tissue in Women With Macromastia and Its Potential Clinical Implications.

Macromastia is an excessive, rapid, or slow growth of breast tissue in 1 or both breasts. While macromastia represents a benign lesion, it may cause breast, shoulder, back, and neck pain, poor posture, infections, and loss of nipple sensation. The pathogenesis of macromastia or hypertrophy of mammary tissue remains poorly understood.

Expression of the Selected Proteins of JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway in Diseases with Oral Mucosa Involvement.

The JAK/STAT signal pathway is a system of intracellular proteins used by many cytokines and growth factors to express genes responsible for the process of cell activation, proliferation and differentiation. There has been numerous inflammatory and autoimmune diseases identified where the JAK/STAT signaling is disrupted; however, there are only a few papers concerning autoimmune bullous diseases published. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of proteins: JAK3, STAT2, STAT4 and STAT6 in epithelium lesions in patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV), bullous pemphigoid (BP), oral lichen planus (LP) and chronic ulcerative stomatitis (CUS), as well as in the control group.

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Proteins in Prognosis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Its Differentiation From Chronic Pancreatitis.

Objectives: The Hedgehog signaling pathway (Hh) probably plays a role in development and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods: In our study, 114 patients (83 with PDAC and 31 with chronic pancreatitis [CP]) after pancreatic surgery were enrolled. The immunoexpression of Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Smoothened (Smo), and Glioblastoma transcription factor 1 (Gli1) and Ki-67 were detected in tissue specimens.

Close relationship between TAZhigh/SOX2high co-localization and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

There is growing evidence which indicates that the development and the biological features of cancer such as the invasion, metastases and recurrence are related to the presence and behavior of the cancer stem cells (CSC). However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying CSCs-specific properties are poorly determined, the Hippo pathway has emerged as a fundamental regulator underlying CSCs stemness. Immunohistochemical method was used to examine the immunoexpression of SOX2, TAZ and α-SMA in oral squamous cells carcinomas: with metastases - OSCC M+ (n = 42), and without metastases - OSCC M- (n = 44), and 17 control cases.

Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin (αSMA) Immunohistochemistry Use in the Differentiation of Pancreatic Cancer from Chronic Pancreatitis.

Aim: Fibrosis is observed both in pancreatic cancer (PDAC) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). The main cells involved in fibrosis are pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), which activate alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA), which is considered to be the best-known fibrosis marker. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of the αSMA in patients with PDAC and CP as the possible differentiation marker.

Glucocorticoids Induce Partial Remission of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis but Not Interstitial Nephritis in COVID-19 Acute Kidney Injury in an APOL1 Low-Risk Genotype White Patient.

BACKGROUND COVID-19 can be complicated by kidney disease, including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), interstitial nephritis, and acute kidney injury (AKI). Almost all known cases of COVID-19-associated glomerulonephritis have been in patients of African descent, with G1 or G2 apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) risk alleles, and they presented collapsing type of FSGS. CASE REPORT We report a case of biopsy-confirmed non-collapsing FSGS with secondary acute interstitial nephritis and AKI in a young White man with APOL1 low-risk genotype, who had COVID-19 pneumonia.

The eccentric mechanotransduction, neuro-muscular transmission, and structural reversibility of muscle fatty infiltration. An experimental advanced disuse muscle-wasting model of rabbit supraspinatus.

Introduction: Full-thickness rotator cuff tear is present in almost 50% of patients over age 65 years, and its degree is known to be a good predictor of the severity of muscle-wasting (MW) sarcopaenia, also known as fatty degeneration (FD). A FD CT grade > 2° is recognized as a borderline of its reversibility. A disuse model of supraspinatus FD (grade 2) in rabbits provides clinically relevant data.

Maltotriose-modified poly(propylene imine) Glycodendrimers as a potential novel platform in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic Leukemia. A proof-of-concept pilot study in the animal model of CLL.

Cancer nanotherapeutics have shown promise in resolving some of the limitations of conventional drug delivery systems such as nonspecific biodistribution and targeting, lack of water solubility, and low therapeutic indices, Among the various nanoparticles that are available, dendrimers, highly branched macromolecules with a specific size and shape, are one of the most promising ones. In this preliminary study, we tested the anti-tumor activity of maltotriose-modified fourth-generation poly(propylene imine) glycodendrimers (PPI-G4-M3) in vivo in the subcutaneous MEC-1 xenograft model of human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in NOD scid gamma mice. Fludarabine was used for model validation and as a positive treatment control.

Overexpression of cathepsin K and vascular endothelial growth factor in chronic venous ulcerations.

Introduction: Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a disabling condition affecting about 1% to 3% of the general population. Besides varicose veins, CVD can result also in the formation of severe skin lesions, especially venous ulcerations (VU). The exact mechanism of VU is still unknown.

Body size measurements, digit ratio (2D:4D) and oestrogen and progesterone receptors' expressions in juvenile gigantomastia.

Background Juvenile breast hypertrophy is characterised by massive enlargement of the breast in the peri-pubertal period. We aimed to analyse body size measurements (body mass index [BMI], waist-to-hip circumference ratio [WHR]), digit ratio (ratio of II and IV digits' length [2D:4D]) and oestrogen receptor (ER) alpha (ERα) and progesterone receptors (PRs) in the breast gland in women with juvenile gigantomastia. Methods The study involved 30 women (mean age 25.

Subchronic Exposure to Cadmium Causes Persistent Changes in the Reproductive System in Female Wistar Rats.

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxicant and endocrine disruptor in humans and animals, and recent studies have illustrated that the uterus is exceedingly sensitive to Cd toxicity. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of subchronic (90 days) oral Cd exposure in daily doses of 0.09-4.

The number of CD163 positive macrophages is associatedwith more advanced skin melanomas, microvessels density and patient prognosis.

The study was aimed to evaluate the number of TAMs and to investigate whether they have association with microvessels density and patients' survival times. 46 cases of melanomas, divided into four groups according to the Breslow scale, were tested immunohistochemically with antibodies anti-CD68, CD163, iNOS to vizualized macrophages and anti-CD34 antibody to stain microvessels. The number of macrophages and the microvessels density were counted by hotspot analysis using an image analysis system.

Anti-Tumour Activity of Glycodendrimer Nanoparticles in a Subcutaneous MEC-1 Xenograft Model of Human Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Background: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) is an indolent disorder, which mainly affects older adults. Since the advent of chemoimmunotherapy, great progress has been made in its treatment. However, some patients develop a more aggressive form of the disease and are included in the group of high-risk CLL patients with a dismal prognosis and a need for new therapies.

The role of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in gigantomastia.

Introduction: Gigantomastia is a rare condition characterised by excessive breast growth. The pathophysiology of mammary enlargement varies depending on the type of gigantomastia: gestational, juvenile virginal, or idiopathic. The study aimed at examining the receptor status (oestrogen receptor α (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR)) of breast tissue in adult women with juvenile or idiopathic gigantomastia.

Pancreatic cysts or pancreatic cystic neoplasms? An analysis of 145 cases.

Introduction Frequency of detection of pancreatic cystic lesions increased recent years. The majorities are pseudocysts, the remaining cysts are mainly neoplasms. Proven risk of malignancy affects intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) and mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN).

CD8+ and CD163+ infiltrating cells and PD-L1 immunoexpression in oral leukoplakia and oral carcinoma.

Overexpression of inhibitory checkpoint PD1/PD-L1 plays an important role in carcinogenesis and patients prognosis. 70 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), 23 cases of oral leukoplakia (OLK), and 19 control cases were immunohistochemically stained with anti-PD-L1, -CD8, and -CD163 antibodies. PD-L1 was expressed on dysplastic and subepithelial infiltrating cells of OLK as well as on cancer and tumor-infiltrating cells of OSCC.

The effect of repeated cadmium oral exposure on the level of sex hormones, estrous cyclicity, and endometrium morphometry in female rats.

Cadmium (Cd) is regarded as a potential endocrine disruptor. However, the exact mechanism by which this metal may interfere with the reproductive system has not yet been elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of subacute Cd oral administration at daily doses of 0.

Overexpression of ADAM10 in oral squamous cell carcinoma with metastases.

ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) are important mediators of cell signalling events, which play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of cancers. Immunohistochemical method was used to examine the immunoexpression of ADAM10 and microvessel density in 80 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC): without metastases - OSCC M(-) (n = 38), and with metastases - OSCC M(+) (n = 42), in 24 cases of oral leukoplakia (OLK), (15 cases with low-grade dysplasia - OLK-LG, and 9 cases with high-grade dysplasia - OLK-HG), and 19 controls. The immunoexpression of ADAM10 and the mean number of vessels were significantly increased in both groups of OSCC in comparison to both groups of OLK and controls.

Immunohistochemical study on neuropilin 1 (NRP1) immunoexpression in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Introduction: Neuropilins (NRPs) are multifunctional glycoproteins that play an important role in angiogenesis and cancer progression. The aim of the study was to examine the immunoexpression of neuropilin 1 (NRP1), the number of NRP1+ infiltrating cells and CD163+ macrophages, and density of microvessels (MVD) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Material And Methods: The study was performed on 45 OSCC patients with metastases (OSCCM+), 51 patients without metastases (OSCCM-) and 17 control cases.

Is There a Rationale behind Pharmacotherapy in Idiopathic Gynecomastia?

Background/aims: The aim of this research was to analyze digit ratio in relation to estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression and to verify digit ratio (2D: 4D) as a marker of ER and PR overexpression in the male breast.

Methods: This study included 35 patients who underwent breast reduction due to the idiopathic form of gynecomastia. The average age of the studied individuals was 25.

Clinical manifestation of malignant lymphomas of the head and neck region.

Introduction: Malignant lymphoma (ML) is a neoplasm caused by clonal expansion of undifferentiated B, T and NK-lymphoid cells. WHO classification divides lymphomas into two main types, i.e.

T cells are involved in the induction of macrophage phenotypes in oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma-a preliminary report.

Background: The prognosis of human malignancies has been shown to depend on immunological parameters, such as macrophage polarization (M1 and M2). In this study, we identify the phenotype of macrophages, and investigate an involvement of infiltrated T cells that participate in the polarization of macrophages, in oral leukoplakia (OLK), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods: Immunohistochemical method was used to examine the number of CD68 , CD163 (M2), iNOS (M1) macrophages, and CD4 , CD8 , CCR4 (Th2), CCR5 (Th1) cells in 102 cases of OSCC: without metastases-OSCC M(-) (n = 54), and with metastases-OSCC M(+) (n = 48), 23 cases of OLK, and 18 control cases.

The utility of glomerular C4d immunostaining in renal biopsies in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy. A clinicopathological study.

The course of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is highly variable and ranges from a totally benign condition to end-stage renal disease in approximately one third of cases. The identification of new prognostic markers could provide insights into the pathogenesis of IgAN and unveil new therapeutic avenues. Glomerular deposition of C4d is a marker of activation of the lectin pathway of complement.