Trisomy 16 mimicking hydatidiform mole.

The authors present a case of 1st trimester miscarriage where an early, complete hydatidiform mole was clinically suspected. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses excluded a complete mole, but the histomorphological profile was in concordance with a partial hydatidiform mole. Genetic analysis excluded a partial mole based on biparental genome composition, where further genetic analyses detected trisomy of chromosome 16.

Prognostic and predictive significance of inflammatory markers in patients with locally advanced unresectable and metastatic pancreatic cancer treated with first-line chemotherapy FOLFIRINOX or Gemcitabine/Nabpaclitaxel.

Background: Advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a disease with a dismal prognosis, significantly limited therapeutic options, and few innovative drugs. Inflammation plays a significant role in the development and progression of PDAC. Systemic inflammatory indexes reflect the anti-tumor inflammatory capacity of and are of prognostic and predictive value in the treatment of patients with PDAC.

Pre-Operative Mechanical Bowel Preparation Does Not Affect the Impact of Anastomosis Leakage in Left-Side Colorectal Surgery-A Single Center Observational Study.

Despite rapid advances in colorectal surgery, morbidity and mortality rates in elective gastrointestinal surgery play a significant role. For decades, there have been tempestuous discussions on preventative measures to minimize the risk of anastomotic dehiscence. When mechanical bowel preparation before an elective procedure, one of the key hypotheses, was introduced into practice, it was assumed that it would decrease the number of infectious complications and anastomotic dehiscence.

Invasive and metastatic hydatidiform moles in Slovakia in 1993‒2022.

Objective: A retrospective analysis of invasive and metastatic hydatidiform moles (HM) in the Slovak Republic (SR)‒epidemiology, patient characteristics and treatment outcomes.

Backround: Invasive and metastatic mole is a highly curable type of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Both invasive and metastatic HM may be cured by hysterectomy without adjuvant chemotherapy.

Short tandem repeats genotyping of gestational choriocarcinoma - our experiences.

Objective: This short communication demonstrates how short tandem repeat genotyping can identify the origin of gestational choriocarcinoma.

Materials And Methods: The origin of gestational choriocarcinoma in our three cases was determined using the short tandem repeats genotyping technique, which involved quantitative fluorescent PCR and fragmentation analysis.

Results: In Case 1 despite no medical history of molar pregnancy, DNA analysis indicated that the choriocarcinoma originated from a homozygous complete hydatidiform mole.

DNA analysis of partial hydatidiform mole revealing triandric monogynic tetraploidy.

The authors present a case of a partial hydatidiform mole where DNA analysis (STR - short tandem repeat genotyping) showed a triandric monogynic tetraploid genome composition with a XXXY gonosomal complement. This genetic finding clinicopathologically correlates with a partial hydatidiform mole, although it is rare in comparison with the typical, diandric monogynic triploid partial moles. The genetic analysis definitively confirmed the suspected diagnosis of a partial mole.

Sinus pilonidalis-elastic ligature as an optimal outpatient treatment.

Background: The incidence of pilonidal sinus shows a steadily rising tendency, especially in the patient age group of up to 40 years. Treatment of this condition is often protracted involving lengthy sick leave and an increased risk of recurrence. The optimal treatment of pilonidal sinus remains open to debate, but it should focus on decreasing the length of hospitalization, promoting a rapid return to daily life, maintaining low pain levels, and keeping costs at a minimum.

New Possible Ways to Use Exosomes in Diagnostics and Therapy via JAK/STAT Pathways.

Exosomes have the potential to be the future of personalized diagnostics and therapy. They are nano-sized particles between 30 and 100 nm flowing in the extracellular milieu, where they mediate cell-cell communication and participate in immune system regulation. Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) secreted from different types of cancer cells are the key regulators of the tumor microenvironment.

New trends in criteria indicative of neoadjuvant oncological therapy of lower and middle rectal cancers.

The indication for primary surgical resection or neoadjuvant therapy in lower and middle rectal cancers is often disputable. The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of local recurrence of rectal cancer as for a period of at least 4 years after radical resection. The second aim was to evaluate and compare the results of preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) staging with definitive histology.

PTEN mutations as predictive marker for the high-grade endometrial cancer development in slovak women.

Endometrial carcinoma (ECa) is one of the most common neoplasia of the female genital tract. The phosphatase and tensin (PTEN) homolog is the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor gene in endometrial carcinoma. PTEN encodes a phosphatase, a key regulatory enzyme involved in a signal transduction pathway that regulates cell growth, migration and apoptosis.

Radical gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection after neoadjuvant therapy.

Objectives: This study focuses on the evaluation of the effectiveness of radical gastrectomy with D2 node dissection after neoadjuvant therapy in the patients with gastric cancer. Gastric cancer is a widespread type of cancer, and it is the third leading cause of death in the cancer patients. Metastases most often occur in the lymph nodes and therefore, in addition to gastrectomy, lymph node dissection is often performed in the patients.

Partial hydatidiform moles with unclear histopathological profile - importance of genetic diagnostics.

Objective: The aim of the study was the genetic characterization of a set of cases with an unclear morphological profile of the placental tissue suspected of a partial hydatidiform mole.

Patients And Methods: This work presents the results of a genetic analysis of a group of 10 patients with various clinical manifestations of reproductive loss, where a partial hydatidiform mole was suspected on the basis of a histopathological examination. The composition of the genome of the products of conception was determined by short tandem repeats (STR) genotyping using a commercial kit;Devyser Compact v3 (Devyser).

Results of treatment of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia in the Slovak Republic in the years 1993-2017.

Objective: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia epidemiology and treatment results in the Slovak Republic in the years 1993-2017.

Methods: Retrospective analysis results of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia treatment in the Centre for gestational trophoblastic disease in the Slovak Republic in Bratislava in the years 1993-2017 according to prognostic scoring and staging system FIGO/WHO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics/World Health Organization).

Results: The Centre for Gestational Trophoblastic Disease was created in the Slovak Republic in the year 1993, after the split of former Czechoslovakia.

Importance of the genetics in the diagnostics of hydatidiform mole.

Objective: To summarize the possibilities of the genetic analysis of hydatidiform moles and point out its perspectives in the diagnostics of this disease.

Design: Review.

Setting: Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic.

Ibrutinib treatment of mantle cell lymphoma complicated by progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy .

Objective: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, caused by reactivation of John Cunningham polyomavirus, affecting mainly patients in an immunocompromised state. Recently, drug-associated PML is gaining attention as more cases of PML in connection with the use of various immunomodulatory drugs emerge. Over the last couple of years, sporadic reports have occurred about a possible association between PML and the use of a new immunomodulatory drug, ibrutinib (Imbruvica), primarily indicated for the treatment of various B-cell malignancies.

MRI‑based neoadjuvant therapy indication in middle and low rectal cancer.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the indication of neoadjuvant therapy in patients with middle and low rectal cancer based on MRI examination.

Background: In spite of noticeable advances in the diagnosis of rectal cancer, the optimal treatment remains highly debated. Current guidelines advise the use of neoadjuvant therapy in UICC stage II patients or higher.

How many cell types form the epithelial lining of the human uterine tubes? Revision of the histological nomenclature of the human tubal epithelium.

Introduction: Many widely used international histological textbooks claim that the epithelium of the human uterine tube consists of two, three, and, eventually, four types of cells. Most discrepancies among these textbooks relate to debates regarding the presence or absence of basal cells, whether the peg/intercalary cells and secretory cells are the same or distinct cell populations, and if the epithelium contains a population of immunologically active cells (T- and B-lymphocytes, NK cells, macrophages and dendritic cells) or dispersed endocrine cells.

Methods: Uterine tubes were obtained from 22 women (average age: 46.

A disintegrin and metalloprotease 23 hypermethylation predicts decreased disease-free survival in low-risk breast cancer patients.

A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 23 (ADAM23), a member of the ADAM family, is involved in neuronal differentiation and cancer. ADAM23 is considered a possible tumor suppressor gene and is frequently downregulated in various types of malignancies. Its epigenetic silencing through promoter hypermethylation was observed in breast cancer (BC).

Significance of MRI in rectal carcinoma therapy optimization - correlation of preoperative T- and N-staging with definitive histopathological findings.

In past decades, both prognosis and therapy of rectal cancer patients showed significant improvement, on the other hand, the incidence of rectal carcinoma continues to have a rising tendency. According to current UICC classification, patients in stage II rectal cancer or higher are indicated for neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently the most common diagnostic method used for preoperative staging of rectal cancer.

Cardiac telocytes as principal interstitial cells for myocardial reparation and regeneration after infarction - our hope.

According to our knowledge, this is the first research experiment that focuses on the study of the distribution of c-kit positive cells at the sites of myocardial infarction in human hearts (Fig. 3, Ref. 16).

Recently discovered interstitial cells "telocytes" as players in the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyomas.

Uterine telocytes are interstitial cells characterized by a very long cytoplasmic prolongations, which form a 3D network, functionally integrating a wide variety of different cells. Leiomyomas (uterine fibroids) are benign tumors, which pose a huge threat concerning various health problems in women affected by this condition. The exact cause of leiomyomas development is, however, still largely unknown.

Down-regulation of traditional oncomiRs in plasma of breast cancer patients.

Deregulated expression of microRNAs has the oncogenic or tumor suppressor function in cancer. Since miRNAs in plasma are highly stable, their quantification could contribute to more precise cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy prediction. We have quantified expression of seven oncomiRs, namely miR-17/92 cluster (miR-17, miR-18a, miR-19a and miR-20a), miR-21, miR-27a and miR-155, in plasma of 137 breast cancer (BC) patients.

Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy in treatment of acute cholecystitis.

Background: Acute cholecystitis is one of the most frequent diseases occurring in the developed countries of the world. Since the advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy there has been a lack of agreement regarding the timing of the operation in the treatment of acute cholecystitis.

Methods: From September 2012 to January 2015 we carried out a prospective randomized trial at the IIIrd Surgical Department of University Hospital Milosrdní bratia in Bratislava.

Expression of SOCS1 and CXCL12 Proteins in Primary Breast Cancer Are Associated with Presence of Circulating Tumor Cells in Peripheral Blood.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are independent prognostic factors in the primary and metastatic breast cancer patients and play crucial role in hematogenous tumor dissemination. The aim of this study was to correlate the presence of CTCs in peripheral blood with the expression of proteins in tumor tissue that have a putative role in regulation of cell growth and metastatic potential. This prospective study included 203 primary breast cancer patients treated by definitive surgery.