Predicting involuntary admission following inpatient psychiatric treatment using machine learning trained on electronic health record data.

Background: Involuntary admissions to psychiatric hospitals are on the rise. If patients at elevated risk of involuntary admission could be identified, prevention may be possible. Our aim was to develop and validate a prediction model for involuntary admission of patients receiving care within a psychiatric service system using machine learning trained on routine clinical data from electronic health records (EHRs).

Pain-related impairment in daily activities after lung cancer surgery: A 1-year prospective cohort study.

Background: Persistent postsurgical pain (PPSP) following thoracic surgery affects 40%-60% of patients undergoing lung resection due to malignancies. Postoperative pain-related symptoms are common, leading to limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) and deterioration in physical function, which significantly impacts quality of life. Pain-related limitations are of interest, as postsurgical pain may present as a target for intervention to improve postoperative rehabilitation.

Patient trust in the use of machine learning-based clinical decision support systems in psychiatric services: A randomized survey experiment.

Background: Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) based on machine-learning (ML) models are emerging within psychiatry. If patients do not trust this technology, its implementation may disrupt the patient-clinician relationship. Therefore, the aim was to examine whether receiving basic information about ML-based CDSS increased trust in them.

Rhythm-based Temporal Expectations: Unique Contributions of Predictability and Periodicity.

Anticipating events and focusing attention accordingly are crucial for navigating our dynamic environment. Rhythmic patterns of sensory input offer valuable cues for temporal expectations and facilitate perceptual processing. Rhythm-based temporal expectations may rely on oscillatory entrainment, where neural activity and perceptual sensitivity synchronize with periodic stimuli.

The risk of diabetes and HbA1c deterioration during antipsychotic drug treatment: A Danish two-cohort study among patients with first-episode schizophrenia.

Background: Antipsychotics increase the risk of developing diabetes, but clinical trials are not generalizable with short follow-up, while observational studies often lack important information, particularly hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).

Methods: We followed two Danish cohorts with schizophrenia. First, using Danish nationwide registers, we identified all individuals diagnosed with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) between 1999 and 2019 (n = 31,856).

The underlying architecture of musical sensibility: One general factor, four subdimensions, and strong genetic effects.

Current evidence suggests moderate heritability of music phenotypes, such as music listening and achievement. However, other fundamental traits underlying people's interest in music and its relevance for their lives have been largely neglected, and little is known about the genetic and environmental etiology of what we refer to as musical sensibility-the tendency to be emotionally and aesthetically engaged by music. This study investigated the latent structure, as well as the genetic and environmental factors influencing individual variability in multiple domains of musical sensibility, and the etiological architecture of the relationship between the dimensions.

Heightened mortality risk after a non-fatal opioid overdose: Risk factors for mortality in the week following emergency treatment.

Aims: To measure all-cause mortality risk after an ambulance-attended non-fatal opioid overdose and associations with number of days following attendance, and individual and clinical characteristics.

Design: A prospective observational study.

Setting: Oslo, Norway.

Estimating vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 using cause-specific sick leave as an indicator: a nationwide population-based cohort study, Norway, July 2021 - December 2022.

Background: Due to changes in testing policy and increased use of rapid tests, other indicators for SARS-CoV-2 infections are needed to monitor vaccine effectiveness (VE). We aimed to estimate VE against COVID-19 sick leave (> 3 days, certified by a medical professional) among employed individuals (25-64-years-old) in Norway.

Methods: We performed a nationwide cohort study by collating data from the Emergency preparedness register for COVID-19.

Evaluation of circulating IgG antibodies against Porphyromonas gingivalis or its gingipains as serological markers of periodontitis and carriage of the bacterium.

Background: Increasing evidence indicates that periodontitis contributes to systemic low-grade inflammation. Porphyromonas gingivalis is strongly associated with periodontitis, and antibodies against the bacterium may be used as a serological proxy to account for periodontal status, when studying diseases associated with periodontitis. The aim of the present study is to identify an easily accessible and reliable serological biomarker for determination of periodontal status and oral carriage of the bacterium.

Development and validation of a machine learning model for prediction of type 2 diabetes in patients with mental illness.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is approximately twice as common among individuals with mental illness compared with the background population, but may be prevented by early intervention on lifestyle, diet, or pharmacologically. Such prevention relies on identification of those at elevated risk (prediction). The aim of this study was to develop and validate a machine learning model for prediction of T2D among patients with mental illness.

Oscillatory attention in groove.

Attention is not constant but rather fluctuates over time and these attentional fluctuations may prioritize the processing of certain events over others. In music listening, the pleasurable urge to move to music (termed 'groove' by music psychologists) offers a particularly convenient case study of oscillatory attention because it engenders synchronous and oscillatory movements which also vary predictably with stimulus complexity. In this study, we simultaneously recorded pupillometry and scalp electroencephalography (EEG) from participants while they listened to drumbeats of varying complexity that they rated in terms of groove afterwards.

Pain trajectories and neuropathic pain symptoms following lung cancer surgery: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Persistent postsurgical pain (PPSP) after lung cancer surgery is common and current definitions are based on evaluations at a single time point after surgery. Pain intensity and symptoms may however fluctuate and change over time, and be impacted by multiple and shifting factors. Studies of postoperative recovery patterns and transition from acute to chronic pain are needed for further investigation of preventive measures and treatments to modify unfavourable recovery paths.

Intravenous dexamethasone in pain treatment after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

Introduction: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is a minimally invasive procedure. Despite being less invasive than thoracotomy, post-operative pain remains a significant clinical problem. The aim of this study was to investigate if perioperative intravenous (IV) dexamethasone improves pain management in VATS.

Patient perspectives on infection prevention and control in cancer care: a survey of knowledge and attitudes among persons with cancer and their next of kin.

Background: With the growing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, there may be a need to strengthen infection prevention and control (IPC) measures in cancer care. When developing clinical guidelines, it is important to incorporate patient perspectives.

Aim: To determine the knowledge of, and attitudes towards, IPC among persons with cancer and their next of kin in Norway.

The epidemiology of multidrug-resistant organisms in persons diagnosed with cancer in Norway, 2008-2018: expanding surveillance using existing laboratory and register data.

Surveillance has revealed an increase of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), even in low-prevalent settings such as Norway. MDROs pose a particular threat to at-risk populations, including persons with cancer. It is necessary to include such populations in future infection surveillance.

Lexical stability of psychiatric clinical notes from electronic health records over a decade.

Objective: Natural language processing (NLP) methods hold promise for improving clinical prediction by utilising information otherwise hidden in the clinical notes of electronic health records. However, clinical practice - as well as the systems and databases in which clinical notes are recorded and stored - change over time. As a consequence, the content of clinical notes may also change over time, which could degrade the performance of prediction models.

Improved description of terrestrial habitat types by including microbial communities as indicators.

Soils host diverse communities of microorganisms essential for ecosystem functions and soil health. Despite their importance, microorganisms are not covered by legislation protecting biodiversity or habitats, such as the Habitats Directive. Advances in molecular methods have caused breakthroughs in microbial community analysis, and recent studies have shown that parts of the communities are habitat-specific.

Clinical outcomes of antimicrobial resistance in cancer patients: a systematic review of multivariable models.

Background: Infections are major causes of disease in cancer patients and pose a major obstacle to the success of cancer care. The global rise of antimicrobial resistance threatens to make these obstacles even greater and hinder continuing progress in cancer care. To prevent and handle such infections, better models of clinical outcomes building on current knowledge are needed.

Academic Stress, Academic Self-efficacy, and Psychological Distress: A Moderated Mediation of Within-person Effects.

Previous research has largely failed to separate the between- and within-person effects in the longitudinal associations between academic stress, academic self-efficacy, and psychological distress (symptoms of anxiety and depression). Filling this research gap, this study investigated if academic self-efficacy mediated the relationship between academic stress and psychological distress at the intraindividual level during 3 years of upper secondary school. Gender moderation was also examined in the hypothesised model.

Clusters of healthcare-associated SARS-CoV-2 infections in Norwegian hospitals detected by a fully automatic register-based surveillance system.

Background: Notifications to the Norwegian Institute of Public Health of outbreaks in Norwegian healthcare institutions are mandatory by law, but under-reporting is suspected due to failure to identify clusters, or because of human or system-based factors. This study aimed to establish and describe a fully automatic, register-based surveillance system to identify clusters of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitals and compare these with outbreaks notified through the mandated outbreak system Vesuv.

Methods: We used linked data from the emergency preparedness register Beredt C19, based on the Norwegian Patient Registry and the Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases.