Correction: University engagement of dental students related to educational environment: A transnational study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Magnification effect on fine motor skills of dental students.

Objectives: This study observed the effect of different magnification systems on dental students' real and perceived fine motor skills.

Methods: This was a laboratory-based experimental study. Students in the fifth year of an undergraduate dentistry program (N = 92) participated in this study.

University engagement of dental students related to educational environment: A transnational study.

Objectives: To investigate the validity and reliability of the University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI) in its complete and reduced versions with Brazilian and USA students, and to evaluate the influence of gender and academic level on students' university engagement in both countries.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study with a non-probability sample was conducted. The sample comprised dental students of both genders, 154 from a university in New York, USA (response rate 91.

Ergonomic working posture in simulated dental clinical conditions: effect of magnification on the operator's experience.

Objectives: This study observed the effect of different magnification systems on working posture and neck angulation during cavity preparation procedures according to operator's experience.

Methods: This was a laboratory study. The response variables were the neck angulation and the working posture adopted during Class I cavity preparations ( = 640) that were performed under four conditions (unaided visualization, simple loupe, Galilean loupe and Keplerian loupe).

Development and assessment of an indirect vision training programme for operatory dentistry: Effects on working posture.

Objectives: Students experience difficulty working with indirect vision and often adopt inadequate working postures because of it. This study created and then assessed the effects of an indirect vision preclinical training programme on dental students' working posture.

Methods: The study enrolled students in the third year of the 5-year undergraduate programme in dentistry in the School of Dentistry of São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara (N = 54).

Magnification loupes in dentistry: A qualitative study of dental students' perspectives.

Introduction: The nature of the oral operating field makes it a challenge for dentists to work while maintaining musculoskeletal health. Strategies have been studied in recent years to improve visualisation of the operating field, and the use of magnification systems has been recommended for providing additional benefits. Despite the growing body of evidence suggesting that the use of magnification improves visual acuity, the dentist's posture and the quality of dental procedures, few studies have analysed users' perspectives on these devices in terms of their adaptation process.

Implementing magnification during pre-clinical training: Effects on procedure quality and working posture.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of magnification on the quality of two pre-clinical procedures, class I cavity preparations and composite resin restorations, and to evaluate the working posture.

Methods: This was an experimental laboratory study. The response variables were the quality of cavity preparations and Class I restorations as well as the working posture adopted during the execution of these procedures.

Micro-shear bond strength of adhesives with different degrees of acidity: Effect on sound and artificially hypermineralized dentin.

This study evaluates the bond strength of four self-etching adhesive systems with different acidity levels in normal and artificially hypermineralized dentin substrate. Healthy human molars were divided into groups: normal dentin-N (n = 36) and artificially hypermineralized dentin-H (n = 36). Self-etching adhesive systems Clearfil S Bond (n = 9), Optibond All in One (n = 9), Clearfil SE Bond (n = 9), and Adhese (n = 9) were used for both the N and H groups.

Preclinical dental training: Association between difficulty in performing restorative procedures and the adoption of ergonomic posture.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine any correlations between difficulty in performing restorative procedures and the adoption of ergonomic posture by dental students in a preclinical course.

Methods: The sample was composed of second-year undergraduate students enrolled in the School of Dentistry of São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara (n = 56). The data were collected from weekly records in which students who had participated in training in a preclinical restorative dentistry laboratory registered the difficulty they experienced performing given proposed preclinical procedures and adopting ergonomic posture (positioning of students' legs, thighs, spine, arms, and forearms, as well as the positioning of both the dental light and the dental mannequin's head, the distance between the operating field and the operator's eyes, and the location of the instruments used in the procedures).

Effect of magnification devices on dental students' visual acuity.

This study aimed to determine dental students' visual acuity and neck angulation when using magnification devices and distances from the operating field. Forty students from each of the second through fifth years of the five-year program at the School of Dentistry of Araraquara were selected (N = 160). Visual acuity was tested using a miniature Snellen eye chart under five different settings (naked eye; simple loupe; Galilean loupe; Keplerian loupe and an operating microscope).

Cross-infection control in clinical training: Development of a device for storing a composite resin in restorative dentistry.

This study presented a biosafety device for the hygienic storage of composite resin during restorative procedures in teaching clinics, RESTAURASAFE, and to compare the color stability, surface hardness, and degree of conversion of the composite resin made with the proposed device to those of conventionally made resins. Esthet-X HD composite was manipulated directly from the syringe, fractionated doses, dappen dish or RESTAURASAFE. Disc-shaped specimens were immersed in artificial saliva and coffee for 60 days and the color stability and the Vickers surface hardness were evaluated during 60 days.

Effect of adhesive mode and chlorhexidine on microtensile strength of universal bonding agent to sound and caries-affected dentins.

Objective: The main objective of this study is to assess the effect of the adhesive mode and chlorhexidine (CHX) on the microtensile strength of a universal bonding agent to sound and caries-affected dentins.

Materials And Methods: Six intact third molars and six decayed third molars were sectioned to obtain two middle dentin specimens per tooth. Prime and Bond Elect Universal (Dentsply) was applied to specimens in two different modes: Etch-and-rinse (ER, phosphoric acid for 15s) and self-etch (SE, no phosphoric acid).

Development of a method to assess compliance with ergonomic posture in dental students.

Context: The ergonomic posture protocol is extremely important for the maintenance of occupational health in dentistry. The lack of compliance with this protocol results in a high risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders.

Aims: This study developed a direct observation method for the evaluation of dental student compliance with ergonomic posture protocol.

Dental Students' Perceptions of Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders: Adapting the Job Factors Questionnaire for Dentistry.

The aims of this study were to adapt the Job Factors Questionnaire to the field of dentistry, evaluate its psychometric properties, evaluate dental students' perceptions of work/study risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders, and determine the influence of gender and academic level on those perceptions. All 580 students enrolled in two Brazilian dental schools in 2015 were invited to participate in the study. A three-factor structure (Repetitiveness, Work Posture, and External Factors) was tested through confirmatory factor analysis.

The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scale in the evaluation of disability - A literature review.

Unlabelled: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) interfere with workers' productivity and quality of life. Thus, early detection of disabilities caused by WRMDs is vital for preventing the aggravation of symptoms. Early detection aids and is aided by educational and preventive programs.

Validity and reliability of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scale in dental students: A transnational study.

This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scale in Brazilian and American dental students and assess the influence of demographic variables on disability in them. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with a nonprobabilistic sample. The sample was composed of students of both genders from the School of Dentistry of Araraquara, State University of São Paulo (UNESP) (n = 288), and students from Stony Brook University, New York, NY, USA (n = 149).