Advanced Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Ischemic and Nonischemic Cardiomyopathies.

Cardiomyopathies represent a diverse group of heart diseases that can be broadly classified into ischemic and nonischemic etiologies, each requiring distinct diagnostic approaches. Noninvasive imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), play a pivotal role in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognosis of these conditions. This paper reviews the characteristic CT and MRI findings associated with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM), focusing on their ability to provide detailed anatomical, functional, and tissue characterization.

Subsolid Nodules: Significance and Current Understanding.

Subsolid nodules are heterogeneously appearing and behaving entities, commonly encountered incidentally and in high-risk populations. Accurate characterization of subsolid nodules, and application of evolving surveillance guidelines, facilitates evidence-based and multidisciplinary patient-centered management.

Chest Intensive Care Unit Imaging: Pearls and Pitfalls.

Imaging plays a major role in the care of the intensive care unit (ICU) patients. An understanding of the monitoring devices is essential for the interpretation of imaging studies. An awareness of their expected locations aids in identifying complications in a timely manner.

Incidental Apical Pleuroparenchymal Scarring on Computed Tomography: Diagnostic Yield, Progression, Morphologic Features and Clinical Significance.

Purpose: Apical pleuroparenchymal scarring (APPS) is commonly seen on chest computed tomography (CT), though the imaging and clinical features, to the best of our knowledge, have never been studied. The purpose was to understand APPS's typical morphologic appearance and associated clinical features.

Patients And Methods: A random generator selected 1000 adult patients from all 21516 chest CTs performed at urban outpatient centers from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016.

Differentiating Imaging Features of Post-lobectomy Right Middle Lobe Torsion.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify differences in imaging features between patients with confirmed right middle lobe (RML) torsion compared to those suspected yet without torsion.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study entailing a search of radiology reports from April 1, 2014, to April 15, 2021, resulted in 52 patients with suspected yet without lobar torsion and 4 with confirmed torsion, supplemented by 2 additional cases before the search period for a total of 6 confirmed cases. Four thoracic radiologists (1 an adjudicator) evaluated chest radiographs and computed tomography (CT) examinations, and Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney tests were used to identify any significant differences in imaging features (P<0.

Barotrauma in COVID 19: Incidence, pathophysiology, and effect on prognosis.

Objectives: To investigate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of barotrauma (pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema) in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients. To describe the chest radiography patterns of barotrauma and understand the development in relation to mechanical ventilation and patient mortality.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 363 patients with COVID-19 from March 1 to April 8, 2020.

Imaging of COVID-19.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as the source of a global pandemic in late 2019 and early 2020 and quickly spread throughout the world becoming one of the worst pandemics in recent history. This chapter reviews the most up to date radiological literature and outlines the utility of thoracic imaging in COVID-19, defining both the common and the less typical imaging appearances during the acute and subacute phases of COVID-19. The short term complications and the long term sequela will also be discussed in the context of radiology, including pulmonary emboli, acute respiratory distress syndrome, superimposed infections, barotrauma, cardiac manifestations, pulmonary parenchymal scarring and fibrosis.

Influence of coronary dominance on coronary artery calcification burden.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of coronary artery dominance on observed coronary artery calcification burden in outpatients presenting for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).

Methods: A 12-month retrospective review was performed of all CCTAs at a single institution. Coronary arterial dominance, Agatston score and presence or absence of cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension (HTN), hyperlipidemia (HLD), diabetes and smoking were recorded.

Portable Chest Radiography as an Exclusionary Test for Adverse Clinical Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Chest radiography (CXR) often is performed in the acute setting to help understand the extent of respiratory disease in patients with COVID-19, but a clearly defined role for negative chest radiograph results in assessing patients has not been described.

Research Question: Is portable CXR an effective exclusionary test for future adverse clinical outcomes in patients suspected of having COVID-19?

Study Design And Methods: Charts of consecutive patients suspected of having COVID-19 at five EDs in New York City between March 19, 2020, and April 23, 2020, were reviewed. Patients were categorized based on absence of findings on initial CXR.

The right upper lobe bronchus angle: A tool for differentiating fibrotic and non-fibrotic sarcoidosis.

Purpose: To evaluate the Right Upper Lobe Bronchus Angle (RUL-BA) on chest CT in patients with Stage 4 sarcoidosis and compare to others with non-fibrotic sarcoidosis.

Methods: IRB approval was obtained for review of all chest CT scans performed from January 2015 through December 2017 that contained the word sarcoidosis using the computer program Montage. The most recent CT scans of 633 people were reviewed.

Spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum in non-intubated patients with COVID-19.

Purpose: We describe the presenting characteristics and hospital course of 11 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) patients who developed spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema (SE) with or without pneumomediastinum (SPM) in the absence of prior mechanical ventilation.

Materials And Methods: A total of 11 non-intubated COVID-19 patients (8 male and 3 female, median age 61 years) developed SE and SPM between March 15 and April 30, 2020 at a multi-center urban health system in New York City. Demographics (age, gender, smoking status, comorbid conditions, and body-mass index), clinical variables (temperature, oxygen saturation, and symptoms), and laboratory values (white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and peak interleukin-6) were collected.

Incidental CT findings in the lungs in COVID-19 patients presenting with abdominal pain.

As the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to spread, some patients are presenting with abdominal symptoms without respiratory complaints. Our case series documents four patients who presented with abdominal symptoms whose abdominopelvic CT revealed incidental pulmonary parenchymal findings in the imaged lung bases and were subsequently confirmed positive for COVID-19 via laboratory testing. It remains to be seen whether these patients will eventually develop respiratory symptoms.

Clinical and Chest Radiography Features Determine Patient Outcomes in Young and Middle-aged Adults with COVID-19.

Background Chest radiography has not been validated for its prognostic utility in evaluating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Purpose To analyze the prognostic value of a chest radiograph severity scoring system for younger (nonelderly) patients with COVID-19 at initial presentation to the emergency department (ED); outcomes of interest included hospitalization, intubation, prolonged stay, sepsis, and death. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, patients between the ages of 21 and 50 years who presented to the ED of an urban multicenter health system from March 10 to March 26, 2020, with COVID-19 confirmation on real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were identified.