Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Cirrhosis and Chronic Kidney Disease: Results from the HRS-HARMONY Consortium.

Background & Aims: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) frequency is increasing in patients with cirrhosis and these individuals often experience acute kidney injury (AKI). Direct comparisons of outcomes between AKI-only versus AKI on CKD (AoCKD) among patients with cirrhosis are not well described.

Methods: A total of 2057 patients with cirrhosis and AKI across 11 hospital networks from the HRS-HARMONY consortium were analyzed (70% AKI-only and 30% AoCKD).

Outcomes of patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis and acute kidney injury - Results from the HRS Harmony Consortium.

Background & Aims: The development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the setting of alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) portends a poor prognosis. Whether the presence of AH itself drives worse outcomes in patients with cirrhosis and AKI is unknown.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 11 hospital networks of consecutive adult patients admitted in 2019 with cirrhosis and AKI.

Renal Cell Cancer and Chronic Kidney Disease.

The association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is bidirectional and multifactorial. Risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and smoking increase the risk of both CKD and RCC. CKD can lead to RCC via an underlying cystic disease or oxidative stress.

Comfort Measures Only in Myocardial Infarction: Prevalence of This Status, Change Over Time, and Predictors From a Nationwide Study.

Background: Patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have a high mortality rate. Despite increasing recognition of the role for comfort focused care, little is known about the prevalence of comfort measures only (CMO) care among patients with AMI. The objective of this study was to investigate patient- and hospital-level patterns and predictors of CMO care among patients admitted with AMI.

Harnessing basic and clinic tools to evaluate SGLT2 inhibitor nephrotoxicity.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of medications that target the transporter that reabsorbs ~90% of glucose in the S1 segment of the proximal convoluted tubule. As a result, SGLT2 inhibition increases urinary glucose excretion, effectively lowering plasma glucose levels. In addition to reducing hemoglobin A1c levels, these drugs also lower body weight, blood pressure, and uric acid levels in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Approaches to Predicting Outcomes in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury.

Despite recognition that Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) leads to substantial increases in morbidity, mortality, and length of stay, accurate prognostication of these clinical events remains difficult. It remains unclear which approaches to variable selection and model building are most robust. We used data from a randomized trial of AKI alerting to develop time-updated prognostic models using stepwise regression compared to more advanced variable selection techniques.

Unusual presentation of disseminated Nocardia abscessus infection in a patient with AIDS.

A 40-year-old man with AIDS presented with symptoms of a chronic cough, subacute headache, generalised weakness with falls, urinary and faecal incontinence, and acute onset subcutaneous nodules. A chest CT scan showed multiple cavitary and nodular pulmonary infiltrates. MRI of his brain and spinal cord revealed innumerable ring-enhancing lesions.

Implementation of a project-based molecular biology laboratory emphasizing protein structure-function relationships in a large introductory biology laboratory course.

In introductory laboratory courses, many universities are turning from traditional laboratories with predictable outcomes to inquiry-inspired, project-based laboratory curricula. In these labs, students are allowed to design at least some portion of their own experiment and interpret new, undiscovered data. We have redesigned the introductory biology laboratory course at Brandeis University into a semester-long project-based laboratory that emphasizes concepts and contains an element of scientific inquiry.