Dietary polyphenol intake in the Canadian population: Findings from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition.

Objectives: This study aimed to estimate usual polyphenol intake among Canadians using the nationally representative 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition and to explore the main dietary contributors to polyphenol intake and the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors that may impact polyphenol intake.

Methods: Dietary information was collected from 19,409 respondents using 24-h dietary recalls. The polyphenol content of foods was estimated using the Phenol-Explorer Database (version 3.

Acceptability, Helpfulness, and Utility of the Healthy Lunch Box Booklet (HLBB) for Parents and School-Age Children.

School lunches are of poor nutritional quality in Canada. Parents play an important role in the preparation of school lunches for young children. This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability and helpfulness of the Healthy Lunch Box Booklet (HLBB) to support parents in packing healthy school lunches for their children.

Children's Perceptions of the Ontario Student Nutrition Program (OSNP) in Southwestern Ontario, Canada.

This study aimed to explore children's lived experiences with the Ontario Student Nutrition Program (OSNP), a free, school-based snack program implemented in elementary schools in Southwestern, Ontario, Canada, to gain insights into future school food programs (SFP). Focus group discussions (n=17) were conducted with 105 children in Grades 5 to 8 in seven elementary schools. Focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded for themes using inductive content analysis.

School-Level Perspectives of the Ontario Student Nutrition Program.

The purpose of this study was to assess the implementation of a school snack program for children in elementary schools. School-level program volunteers' experiences were explored using semi-structured interviews. Fieldnotes were taken during on-site school visits.

Perspectives and Impact of a Parent-Child Intervention on Dietary Intake and Physical Activity Behaviours, Parental Motivation, and Parental Body Composition: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Adults and children in Canada are not meeting physical activity guidelines nor consuming sufficient nutrient-rich foods. High engagement in these unhealthy behaviours can lead to obesity and its associated diseases. Parent-child interventions aimed at obesity prevention/treatment have assisted families with making positive changes to their nutrition and physical activity behaviours.

Assessment of Phenolic Compound Intake from Plant-Derived Products in Adolescents from Ontario, Canada.

To better understand which plant-derived products contribute to the usual daily total polyphenol content (TPC) intake of Canadian adolescents. : A convenience sample from 2 southwestern Ontario high schools was obtained (n = 108). Students of all gender and ethnicity were invited to participate if they were enrolled in grades 9-12 and were between the ages of 13 and 18 years.

Adolescent Attitudes and Beliefs Regarding Caffeine and the Consumption of Caffeinated Beverages.

Objectives: To explore adolescents' attitudes and beliefs toward the consumption of caffeinated beverages and factors influencing their caffeinated beverage choice and consumption patterns.

Design: Twenty focus groups were conducted with grades 9 to 12 secondary school students.

Setting: Two secondary schools in London, Ontario, Canada.

Sugar-Sweetened Beverages: Children's Perceptions, Factors of Influence, and Suggestions for Reducing Intake.

Objectives: This study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of children's perceptions of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs).

Design: Nine focus groups were conducted in grade 5 and 6 elementary schoolchildren.

Setting: Nine urban and rural elementary schools in London, Ontario, Canada.

The CHANGE program: comparing an interactive vs. prescriptive approach to self-management among university students with obesity.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of 2 self-management (SM) approaches on obesity via a 12-week telephone-based intervention. An interactive motivational interviewing administered via Co-Active Life Coaching (MI-via-CALC) and a structured lifestyle treatment following the LEARN Program for Weight Management were compared. A secondary purpose was to explore the experiences of participants qualitatively.

The reliability and validity of using clothing size as a proxy for waist circumference measurement in adults.

Waist circumference (WC) is a useful tool for predicting health risk, but its use at the population level remains uncertain. This study examined (i) the ability of participants to report their current WC without actual measurement, (ii) the accuracy of reporting WC using self-reported or self-measured WC, and (iii) the reliability and validity of using clothing size (CS) as a proxy to predict WC. Men and women (n = 293), aged 18-80 years, were randomized to either self-report WC or self-measure WC groups.

Does caffeine alter muscle carbohydrate and fat metabolism during exercise?

Caffeine, an adenosine receptor antagonist, has been studied for decades as a putative ergogenic aid. In the past 2 decades, the information has overwhelmingly demonstrated that it indeed is a powerful ergogenic aid, and frequently theories have been proposed that this is due to alterations in fat and carbohydrate metabolism. While caffeine certainly mobilizes fatty acids from adipose tissue, rarely have measures of the respiratory exchange ratio indicated an increase in fat oxidation.

The glucose intolerance induced by caffeinated coffee ingestion is less pronounced than that due to alkaloid caffeine in men.

Although acute alkaloid caffeine (CAF) ingestion results in an impaired glucose tolerance, chronic coffee (RCOF) ingestion decreases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. This study examines the hypothesis that CAF ingestion impairs glucose tolerance to a greater extent than RCOF and that the ingestion of decaffeinated coffee (DECAF) results in a positive effect. Eleven healthy males underwent 4 double-blinded randomized trials.

The effect of caffeine on glucose kinetics in humans--influence of adrenaline.

While caffeine impedes insulin-mediated glucose disposal in humans, its effect on endo-genous glucose production (EGP) remains unknown. In addition, the mechanism involved in these effects is unclear, but may be due to the accompanying increase in adrenaline concentration. We studied the effect of caffeine on EGP and glucose infusion rates (GIR), and whether or not adrenaline can account for all of caffeine's effects.

Increases in glycogenin and glycogenin mRNA accompany glycogen resynthesis in human skeletal muscle.

Glycogenin is the self-glycosylating protein primer that initiates glycogen granule formation. To examine the role of this protein during glycogen resynthesis, eight male subjects exercised to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer at 75% Vo2 max followed by five 30-s sprints at maximal capacity to further deplete glycogen stores. During recovery, carbohydrate (75 g/h) was supplied to promote rapid glycogen repletion, and muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis at 0, 30, 120, and 300 min postexercise.

Glycogenin activity and mRNA expression in response to volitional exhaustion in human skeletal muscle.

Glycogenolysis results in the selective catabolism of individual glycogen granules by glycogen phosphorylase. However, once the carbohydrate portion of the granule is metabolized, the fate of glycogenin, the protein primer of granule formation, is not known. To examine this, male subjects (n = 6) exercised to volitional exhaustion (Exh) on a cycle ergometer at 75% maximal O2 uptake.

Caffeine ingestion before an oral glucose tolerance test impairs blood glucose management in men with type 2 diabetes.

Caffeine ingestion negatively affects insulin sensitivity during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in lean and obese men, but this has not been studied in individuals with type 2 diabetes. We examined the effects of caffeine ingestion on insulin and glucose homeostasis in obese men with type 2 diabetes. Men (n = 12) with type 2 diabetes (age = 49 +/- 2 y, BMI = 32 +/- 1 kg/m(2)) underwent 2 trials, 1 wk apart, in a randomized, double-blind design.