Use of a haired angularis oris axial pattern flap in a dog to correct a large oronasal fistula secondary to resection of a hard palate multilobular osteochondrosarcoma.

A 6-year-old neutered male mixed-breed dog underwent curative-intent surgical resection of a hard palatal multilobular osteochondrosarcoma and closure of the defect using bilateral buccal mucosal flaps. However, failure of the flaps resulted in a massive hard palatal defect that was subsequently repaired using a haired skin angularis oris axial pattern flap. This report describes the clinical outcome using this surgical approach and novel complications encountered.

Minimally invasive splenectomy is associated with a low perioperative complication rate and short operative time in cats.

Objective: To report the perioperative outcome and complications in cats undergoing minimally invasive splenectomy.

Animals: 17 client-owned cats.

Methods: Perioperative data were collected from cats undergoing minimally invasive splenectomy from September 2010 to June 2023.

Bilateral, single-session, laparoscopic adrenalectomy was associated with favorable outcomes in a cohort of dogs.

Objective: To report perioperative characteristics and outcome following bilateral, single-session, laparoscopic adrenalectomy (BSSLA) in dogs.

Animals: Client-owned dogs (n = 6).

Clinical Presentation And Procedures: Medical records were reviewed and perioperative data collected, including preoperative diagnostic imaging, operative details, complications, and need for conversion to open laparotomy.

Treatment of myeloid neoplasia with doxorubicin and cytarabine in 11 dogs.

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) are primary myeloid neoplasms in dogs generally considered to have a poor outcome. In this study, we assessed toxicity, efficacy and outcome of concurrent administration of doxorubicin and cytarabine in 11 dogs with myeloid neoplasia. Bone marrow specimens were reviewed by three pathologists and classified as either MDS (n = 2), high grade MDS/early AML (MDS/AML; n = 4) or AML (n = 5).

Clinical validation of a next-generation sequencing-based multi-cancer early detection "liquid biopsy" blood test in over 1,000 dogs using an independent testing set: The CANcer Detection in Dogs (CANDiD) study.

Cancer is the leading cause of death in dogs, yet there are no established screening paradigms for early detection. Liquid biopsy methods that interrogate cancer-derived genomic alterations in cell-free DNA in blood are being adopted for multi-cancer early detection in human medicine and are now available for veterinary use. The CANcer Detection in Dogs (CANDiD) study is an international, multi-center clinical study designed to validate the performance of a novel multi-cancer early detection "liquid biopsy" test developed for noninvasive detection and characterization of cancer in dogs using next-generation sequencing (NGS) of blood-derived DNA; study results are reported here.

Outcome in dogs with curative-intent treatment of localized primary pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma.

Primary pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma (PHS) is a rare form of dendritic cell or macrophage neoplasia originating within the pulmonary parenchyma. There is limited literature describing prognosis in dogs with PHS receiving curative-intent treatment consisting of surgical excision and adjuvant chemotherapy. The primary objective of this study was to report outcomes in dogs with localized PHS treated with standardized local and systemic therapy.

Outcomes after transperitoneal laparoscopic ureteronephrectomy for the treatment of primary renal neoplasia in seven dogs.

Objective: To describe the perioperative characteristics and outcomes in dogs that underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic ureteronephrectomy (TLU) for primary renal neoplasia.

Study Design: Short case series.

Animals: Seven client-owned dogs.

Primary bone marrow T-cell lymphoma in a Golden Retriever.

A 6.2-year-old 28-kg (61.7 lb) intact female Golden Retriever was referred due to persistent and multiple cytopenias noted on a routine CBC prior to a mature ovariohysterectomy procedure.

Soft tissue sarcoma at the site of a previous laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy in a dog.

An 8-year-old, spayed female, Doberman pinscher dog was presented to the Ontario Veterinary College Health Sciences Center for evaluation of a large subcutaneous mass on the right cranial ventral abdomen. Computed tomography localized a 6 × 7 cm soft tissue mass to the site of a laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy performed 3 years earlier. Body wall resection with wide surgical margins was performed.

Composite lymphoma of concurrent T zone lymphoma and large cell B cell lymphoma in a dog.

Background: Evolution of indolent to aggressive lymphoma has been described in dogs but is difficult to distinguish from the de novo development of a second, clonally distinct lymphoma. Differentiation of these scenarios can be aided by next generation sequencing (NGS)-based assessment of clonality of lymphocyte antigen receptor genes.

Case Presentation: An 8-year-old male intact Mastiff presented with generalized lymphadenomegaly was diagnosed with nodal T zone lymphoma (TZL) based on cytology, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry.

A pilot study evaluating the effects of prestorage leukoreduction on markers of inflammation in critically ill dogs receiving a blood transfusion.

Objectives: To compare markers of inflammation after transfusion of leukoreduced (LR) packed RBCs (pRBCs) versus non-LR pRBCs in dogs with critical illness requiring blood transfusion, and to report survival to discharge and rates of transfusion reactions in these dogs.

Design: Prospective randomized blinded clinical study June 2014-September 2015.

Setting: University veterinary teaching hospital.

Evaluation of metronomic cyclophosphamide chemotherapy as maintenance treatment for dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma following limb amputation and carboplatin chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of metronomic cyclophosphamide (MC) chemotherapy (primary treatment of interest) with adjuvant meloxicam administration as maintenance treatment for dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma following limb amputation and carboplatin chemotherapy. DESIGN Retrospective case series with nested cohort study. ANIMALS 39 dogs with a histologic diagnosis of appendicular osteosarcoma that underwent limb amputation and completed carboplatin chemotherapy from January 2011 through December 2015.

Correlation Between Body Weight and Mitoxantrone-Associated Neutropenia in Dogs.

Thirty-seven dogs with histologically or cytologically confirmed malignant tumors treated with single-agent mitoxantrone at 5 mg/m were evaluated in a retrospective study assessing the correlation between body weight and neutropenia associated with a single dose of mitoxantrone in dogs. Overall, eight dogs (21%) experienced grade 3 neutropenia and five dogs (14%) experienced grade 4 neutropenia on day 7 following mitoxantrone chemotherapy. Dogs ≤10 kg body weight were significantly more likely to develop grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (5.

Race/ethnicity difference in the pharmacogenetics of bilirubin-related atazanavir discontinuation.

Background: Atazanavir causes plasma indirect bilirubin to increase. We evaluated associations between Gilbert's polymorphism and bilirubin-related atazanavir discontinuation stratified by race/ethnicity.

Patients And Methods: Patients had initiated atazanavir/ritonavir-containing regimens at an HIV primary care clinic in the southeastern USA, and had at least 12 months of follow-up data.

Glucocorticoids Induce Bone and Muscle Atrophy by Tissue-Specific Mechanisms Upstream of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases.

Glucocorticoid excess, either endogenous with diseases of the adrenal gland, stress, or aging or when administered for immunosuppression, induces bone and muscle loss, leading to osteopenia and sarcopenia. Muscle weakness increases the propensity for falling, which, combined with the lower bone mass, increases the fracture risk. The mechanisms underlying glucocorticoid-induced bone and muscle atrophy are not completely understood.

Pharmacogenetics of efavirenz discontinuation for reported central nervous system symptoms appears to differ by race.

Background: Efavirenz frequently causes central nervous system (CNS) symptoms. We evaluated genetic associations with efavirenz discontinuation for CNS symptoms within 12 months of treatment initiation.

Methods: Patients had initiated efavirenz-containing regimens at an HIV primary care clinic in the Southeastern United States and had at least 12 months of follow-up data.

Laparoscopic-assisted extirpation of falciform ligament hemangiosarcoma in a dog.

An 8-year-old, spayed female, bichon frisé dog had incidental nodules within its falciform ligament identified on routine abdominal ultrasonography. A laparoscopic-assisted technique provided both a diagnostic and a therapeutic treatment option. A histopathological diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma was made.

Pleiotropic and sex-specific effects of cancer GWAS SNPs on melanoma risk in the population architecture using genomics and epidemiology (PAGE) study.

Background: Several regions of the genome show pleiotropic associations with multiple cancers. We sought to evaluate whether 181 single-nucleotide polymorphisms previously associated with various cancers in genome-wide association studies were also associated with melanoma risk.

Methods: We evaluated 2,131 melanoma cases and 20,353 controls from three studies in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study (EAGLE-BioVU, MEC, WHI) and two collaborating studies (HPFS, NHS).

Systematic review and meta-analysis of pregnant patients investigated for suspected pulmonary embolism in the emergency department.

Objectives: Pregnancy causes a small increase in risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), but a large increase in concern upon presentation to an emergency department (ED) with symptoms of pulmonary embolism (PE), which may cause physicians to employ a low test threshold. This was a systematic review with the hypothesis that symptomatic pregnant patients in the ED have a low relative risk (RR) for VTE outcome.

Methods: Studies in all languages were identified by structured search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane library, and bibliographies in February 2014.

Monoparesis in association with feline pulmonary carcinoma: a literature review with 3 new cases.

We describe 3 cases of cats that were presented with a sudden onset of monoparesis as a result of arterial thromboembolism without evidence of cardiovascular disease that were subsequently diagnosed with a primary pulmonary carcinoma. Arterial tumor thromboemboli due to pulmonary carcinoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of lameness or paresis in older cats. We theorize that large tumor emboli may obstruct peripheral arteries leading to acute monoparesis.

Secondary metabolism pathway polymorphisms and plasma efavirenz concentrations in HIV-infected adults with CYP2B6 slow metabolizer genotypes.

Objectives: Efavirenz is widely prescribed for HIV-1 infection, and CYP2B6 polymorphisms 516G→T and 983T→C define efavirenz slow metabolizer genotypes. To identify genetic predictors of higher plasma efavirenz concentrations beyond these two common functional alleles, we characterized associations with mid-dosing interval efavirenz concentrations in 84 HIV-infected adults, all carrying two copies of these major loss-of-function CYP2B6 alleles.

Methods: Study participants had been randomized to efavirenz-containing regimens in prospective clinical trials and had available plasma efavirenz assay data.

Genetic and non-genetic determinants of raltegravir penetration into cerebrospinal fluid: a single arm pharmacokinetic study.

Background: Antiretroviral drugs vary in their central nervous system penetration, with better penetration possibly conferring neurocognitive benefit during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy. The efflux transporter gene ABCB1 is expressed in the blood-brain barrier, and an ABCB1 variant (3435C → T) has been reported to affect ABCB1 expression. The integrase inhibitor raltegravir is a substrate for ABCB1.