Provider-ordered viral testing and antibiotic administration practices among children with acute respiratory infections across healthcare settings in Nashville, Tennessee.

Objective: Evaluate the association between provider-ordered viral testing and antibiotic treatment practices among children discharged from an ED or hospitalized with an acute respiratory infection (ARI).

Design: Active, prospective ARI surveillance study from November 2017 to February 2020.

Setting: Pediatric hospital and emergency department in Nashville, Tennessee.

Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Outbreak Associated With Artificial Tears.

Background: Carbapenemase-producing, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CP-CRPA) are extensively drug-resistant bacteria. We investigated the source of a multistate CP-CRPA outbreak.

Methods: Cases were defined as a US patient's first isolation of P.

Principal Component Patterns of Pediatric Respiratory Viral Testing Across Health Care Settings.

Background And Objectives: Factors prompting clinicians to request viral testing in children are unclear. We assessed patterns prompting clinicians to perform viral testing in children discharged from an emergency department (ED) or hospitalized with an acute respiratory infection (ARI).

Methods: Using active ARI surveillance data collected from November 2017 through February 2020, children aged between 30 days and 17 years with fever or respiratory symptoms who had a research respiratory specimen tested were included.

Concurrent transmission of multiple carbapenemases in a long-term acute-care hospital.

Objective: We investigated concurrent outbreaks of carrying (VIM-CRPA) and Enterobacterales carrying (KPC-CRE) at a long-term acute-care hospital (LTACH A).

Methods: We defined an incident case as the first detection of or from a patient's clinical cultures or colonization screening test. We reviewed medical records and performed infection control assessments, colonization screening, environmental sampling, and molecular characterization of carbapenemase-producing organisms from clinical and environmental sources by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole-genome sequencing.

Diagnostic models predicting paediatric viral acute respiratory infections: a systematic review.

Objectives: To systematically review and evaluate diagnostic models used to predict viral acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children.

Design: Systematic review.

Data Sources: PubMed and Embase were searched from 1 January 1975 to 3 February 2022.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of children with single or co-detected rhinovirus-associated acute respiratory infection in Middle Tennessee.

Background: Rhinovirus (RV) is one of the most common etiologic agents of acute respiratory infection (ARI), which is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young children. The clinical significance of RV co-detection with other respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), remains unclear. We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of children with ARI-associated RV-only detection and those with RV co-detection-with an emphasis on RV/RSV co-detection.

Circulation of Rhinoviruses and/or Enteroviruses in Pediatric Patients With Acute Respiratory Illness Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US.

Importance: Rhinoviruses and/or enteroviruses, which continued to circulate during the COVID-19 pandemic, are commonly detected in pediatric patients with acute respiratory illness (ARI). Yet detailed characterization of rhinovirus and/or enterovirus detection over time is limited, especially by age group and health care setting.

Objective: To quantify and characterize rhinovirus and/or enterovirus detection before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among children and adolescents seeking medical care for ARI at emergency departments (EDs) or hospitals.

Respiratory pathogens during the COVID-19 pandemic: Alterations in detection and seasonality in Nashville, Tennessee.

Shortly after the implementation of community mitigation measures in response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), sharp declines in respiratory syncytial virus and influenza circulation were noted; post-mitigation circulation of other respiratory pathogens has gone unexplored. We retrospectively analyzed all records of a provider-ordered multiplex test between April 1, 2018, and July 31, 2021, in Nashville, Tennessee, and we noted disrupted historical seasonal patterns for common respiratory pathogens during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and seasonality of acute respiratory infection associated with single and codetected rhinovirus species among hospitalized children in Amman, Jordan.

Rhinovirus (RV)-specific surveillance studies in the Middle East are limited. Therefore, we aimed to study the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and seasonality of RV-associated acute respiratory infection among hospitalized young children in Jordan. We conducted a prospective viral surveillance study and enrolled children <2 years old admitted to a large public hospital in Amman, Jordan (2010-2013).

Clinical presentations of adult and pediatric SARS-CoV-2-positive cases in a community cohort, Nashville, Tennessee.

Compared to adults, the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) illness in children has been lower and less severe. However, reports comparing SARS-CoV-2 infection among children and adults are limited. As part of our longitudinal cohort study of adults and children with SARS-CoV-2 infection and their household contacts in Nashville, Tennessee, we compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections between children and adults.

Adenovirus Infection in Hospitalized Children with Acute Respiratory Infection in Jordan.

Background: The most common clinical manifestation of adenovirus (AdV) infection is acute respiratory illness (ARI). Specific AdV species associated with ARI hospitalizations are not well defined in the Middle East.

Methods: A viral surveillance study was conducted among children <2 years hospitalized in Amman, Jordan, from March 2010 to March 2013.

Humoral and cellular immune responses to the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine among a cohort of solid organ transplant recipients and healthy controls.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Despite exclusion from SARS-CoV-2 vaccine clinical trials, these individuals were identified as high-risk and prioritized for vaccination in public health guidelines.

Methods: We prospectively evaluated humoral and cellular immune responses to two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, BNT162b2, in 56 SOT recipients and 26 healthy controls (HCs).

Antibiotic use for respiratory syncytial virus in the Middle East: A surveillance study in hospitalized Jordanian children.

Introduction: In developing countries where point-of-care testing is limited, providers rely on clinical judgement to discriminate between viral and bacterial respiratory infections. We performed a cross-sectional cohort study of hospitalized Jordanian children to evaluate antibiotic use for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections.

Materials And Methods: Admitting diagnoses from a prior viral surveillance cohort of hospitalized Jordanian children were dichotomized into suspected viral-like, non-pulmonary bacterial-like, and pulmonary bacterial-like infection.

Investigation of Bacterial Infections Among Patients Treated With Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Products Marketed as Stem Cell Therapies.

Importance: The number of clinics marketing stem cell products for joint diseases, chronic pain, and most recently, COVID-19, has increased despite warnings from the US Food and Drug Administration that stem cell products for these and other indications have not been proven safe or effective.

Objective: To examine bacterial infections in 20 patients who received umbilical cord blood-derived products marketed as stem cell treatment.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This case series is a national public health investigation including case-finding, medical record review and abstraction, and laboratory investigation, including sterility testing of products and whole-genome sequencing of patient and product isolates.

Clinical features of parainfluenza infections among young children hospitalized for acute respiratory illness in Amman, Jordan.

Background: Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory illness (ARI) in children. However, few studies have characterized the clinical features and outcomes associated with PIV infections among young children in the Middle East.

Methods: We conducted hospital-based surveillance for ARI among children < 2 years of age in a large referral hospital in Amman, Jordan.

Respiratory Virus Surveillance in Infants across Different Clinical Settings.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the distribution, clinical presentations and severity of common acute respiratory infections (ARI) viruses in infants across 3 clinical settings.

Study Design: In a prospective virus surveillance study, infants under 1 year with fever and/or respiratory symptoms were enrolled from outpatient, emergency department, and inpatient settings from December 16, 2019 through April 30, 2020. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected through parent/guardian interviews, medical chart abstractions, and follow-up surveys.

Human adenovirus species in children with acute respiratory illnesses.

Background: Human adenovirus (HAdV) species B, C, and E are commonly associated with acute respiratory illnesses (ARI). We sought to determine the association between HAdV species and ARI severity in children over one respiratory season at Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt.

Epidemiologic trends and characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infections among children in the United States.

Purpose Of Review: To review the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections among children in the United States.

Recent Findings: In the United States, the majority of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children have been mild illnesses, with those 5-17 years of age having the highest frequency. Specifically, the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in children is two times higher in adolescents (12-17 years) than younger school-aged children (5-11 years).

Assessing the epidemiology and seasonality of influenza among children under two hospitalized in Amman, Jordan, 2010-2013.

Background: The disease burden of influenza-associated hospitalizations among children in Jordan is not well established. We aimed to characterize hospitalizations attributed to influenza in a pediatric population.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from our viral surveillance cohort in children under 2 years hospitalized with acute respiratory symptoms and/or fever from March 2010 to March 2013.

Coronavirus Surveillance in a Pediatric Population in Jordan From 2010 to 2013: A Prospective Viral Surveillance Study.

Background: Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are a significant cause of acute respiratory illness (ARI) in children; however, the role of HCoVs in ARI among hospitalized children in the Middle East is not well defined.

Methods: Children under 2 years admitted with fever and/or respiratory symptoms were enrolled from 2010 to 2013 in Amman, Jordan. Nasal/throat swabs were collected and stored for testing.