The Impact of Resistance Training and Diabetes Education on Physical Functioning, Frailty Status, and Glycemia in Older Adults with Short- and Long-Duration Type 2 Diabetes: A Secondary Analysis of the Band-Frail Study.

Background: Diabetes duration is an underappreciated risk factor in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) management that can increase the risk of complications and potentially decrease the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions. However, whether T2DM duration impacts the efficacy of an elastic band resistance training intervention for older adults living with comorbid T2DM and frailty is unclear.

Objective: This analysis aimed to investigate the impact of a 16-week elastic band resistance training and diabetes education intervention on physical functioning, glycemia, and frailty in older adults of different T2DM durations.

Exploring How Older Adult's Gender Role is Associated with Studied Outcomes Following an Outdoor Exercise Structure Program.

This study aimed to describe the gender roles of people interested in an exercise program done on outdoor exercise structures and test if gender roles were associated with studied outcomes. Older adults aged 65+ who were not currently performing resistance training were invited to participate. Gender roles were quantified using the Bem Sex Role Inventory 30-item questionnaire (-60 [feminine] to +60 [masculine]).

Factors influencing older adult community fall prevention exercise implementation: a scoping review.

Background: Exercise that challenges balance is the most effective fall prevention intervention in community-dwelling older adults. Identifying factors influencing implementation of community fall prevention exercise programs is a critical step in developing strategies to support program delivery.

Objective: To identify implementation facilitators, barriers, and details reported in peer-reviewed publications on community fall prevention exercise for older adults.

Impact of Outdoor Play Structures on Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity in Children during Recess: A Comparative Study.

Background/objectives: It is believed that outdoor play structures lead to more physical activity for kids during school recess. However, the intensity of this activity remains unknown. This study explored whether access to outdoor play structures during recess interferes with children's physical activity levels.

Does type 2 diabetes duration influence the effectiveness of an aerobic exercise intervention: Results from the INTENSITY study.

Background: Studies suggest that longer durations of T2DM increase the risk of T2DM complications and premature mortality. However, whether T2DM duration impacts the efficacy of an aerobic exercise intervention is unclear.

Objective: The purpose of this study was: 1) to compare changes in body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and glycemia between individuals with short- and long-duration T2DM after aerobic exercise and 2) to determine whether these changes were associated with changes in glycemia by T2DM duration.

Synchronous Group-Based Online Exercise Programs for Older Adults Living in the Community: A Scoping Review.

Older adults are the least physically active group with specific barriers to regular exercise, and online exercise programs could overcome some of those barriers. This scoping review aimed to describe the characteristics of supervised group-based synchronous online exercise programs for older adults living in the community, their feasibility, acceptability, and potential benefits. MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, SPORTDiscus, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched until November 2022.

Increasing aerobic exercise intensity fails to consistently improve the glycemic response in people living with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus: the INTENSITY trial.

Some individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who engage in exercise will not experience the anticipated improvements in glycemic control, referred to as non-responders. Increasing exercise intensity may improve the proportion of individuals who become responders. The objectives were to () identify responders and non-responders based on changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in individuals with prediabetes or T2DM following 16 weeks of aerobic exercise; () investigate if increasing exercise intensity enhances the responders' status for individuals not previously responding favourably to the intervention.

Resistance Training on an Outdoor Exercise Structure Improves Lower-Body Relative Strength in Older Adults.

Improving relative strength is important for maintaining functionality with age, and outdoor exercise structures could be useful to facilitate this. A total of 29 adults aged 65+ participated in a non-randomized crossover study with a 6-week control followed by a 6-week resistance training intervention on an outdoor exercise structure (3x/week). Relative strength (predicted maximal leg press/lower body lean mass [Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry]) and physical function variables were measured at baseline, post-control, and post-intervention.

Online exercise program for men living with obesity: Experiences, barriers, and enablers.

The prevalence of obesity is increasing among men, and this population remains under-represented in lifestyle and weight management interventions. The current study aims to explore the experiences of men living with obesity (body fat ≥25 %) toward a 12-week supervised online exercise platform. Ten men were interviewed for this qualitative study.

Comparing Online and In-Person Delivery of a Fall Prevention Exercise Program for Older Adults.

Exercise is the single most effective strategy to reduce the risk of falls. Online classes have grown in popularity, but the benefits of online classes remain unknown. Zoomers on the Go is a peer-led 12-week exercise program offered twice weekly to adults 50+ years old.

Online Circuit Training Increases Adherence to Physical Activity: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Men with Obesity.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine adherence to the weekly physical activity guidelines (≥150 min of aerobic activities at moderate-to-vigorous intensity and two or more sessions of strength training (yes or no)) and health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic for men living with obesity, 46 wk after being offered an online muscle-strengthening circuit program for 12 wk.

Methods: Sixty men (age ≥19 yr) living with obesity (body fat percentage ≥25%) were randomly assigned to the intervention group ( n = 30) or the control condition ( n = 30) for 12 wk. The intervention group was offered an online circuit training, three sessions per week, whereas the control group received a website helping them to reach the physical activity guidelines.

The Effect of a Standing Intervention on Falls in Long Term Care: a Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Older adults in long term care (LTC) spend over 90% of their day engaging in sedentary behaviour. Sedentary behaviour may exacerbate functional decline and frailty, increasing the risk for falls. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of a 22-week standing intervention on falls among LTC residents at 12-month follow-up.

Long-term care residents' acceptance of a standing intervention: A qualitative intrinsic case study.

Older adults in long-term care are sedentary. Standing is recommended to reduce sedentary time, but there is limited research on long-term care residents' acceptability of standing interventions. The acceptability of the Stand If You Can (SIYC) randomized clinical trial among long-term care residents was explored using a single intrinsic qualitative case study design.

Fear of Falls Following an Online Exercise Program for Aging Adults.

Individuals who participate in regular exercise tend to report a lower fear of falling; however, it is unknown if this fear can be reduced following an online fall prevention exercise program. The main purpose of this study was to test if offering a peer-led fall prevention exercise program online reduced the fear of falling and if this potential improvement was greater than when the program was offered in person. The secondary objectives were to describe participants' characteristics when participating online, the rate of falls and the context in which falls occur.

Examining the role of sex on the benefits of muscle-strengthening activities for people living with obesity: A cross-sectional study.

Aims: To investigate the correlations between meeting the muscle-strengthening activities guideline, body fat %, and mortality for individuals living with obesity and to explore if these correlations are moderated by sex.

Methods: Data from 3915 adults ‎(51.9% women; 48.

Impact of a Preoperative Exercise Program on General Fitness in Patients Awaiting Bariatric Surgery: A Pilot Randomized Trial.

Background Evidence supports the association between exercise and outcomes following bariatric surgery. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the short-term benefits of preoperative exercise. Objectives The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and functional benefits of a 12-week preoperative exercise program in patients awaiting bariatric surgery.

Association between physical activity & sedentary time on frailty status in males and females living with diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Physical activity (PA) is a cornerstone for the prevention and the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and frailty. However, no consensus exists on which intensities and types of PA are associated with frailty status among individuals living with DM. To investigate the association between different intensities and types of PA on frailty status in males and females living with DM.

Potential value of home square-stepping exercises for inactive older adults: an exploratory case study.

Background: Most older adults do not engage in regular physical activity. However, more research on options to partake in regular exercise in this population by reducing barriers and enhancing enablers while still reaching benefits is needed.

Methods: Using embedded mixed methods, 10 inactive older adults over the age of 65 completed a 3-week square-stepping exercise intervention to help overcome the initial barriers and activate initial enablers to perform regular exercise.

Exploring the Association of a Total Physical Activity Energy Expenditure and Diabetes Mellitus in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey.

Physical activity (PA) guidelines for adults recommend participation in aerobic activities of moderate-to-vigorous intensity and a minimum of two sessions of resistance training (RT) weekly. These guidelines account for a small amount of the total PA energy expenditure and include no recommendation for low intensity activities (sleeping, sedentary behavior, and light intensity PA). Consequently, there is a need to investigate the benefits of total PA energy expenditure and diabetes mellitus (DM); to investigate the association between total PA energy expenditure and DM in adults aged 45 years or above.

Directions for Exercise Treatment Response Heterogeneity and Individual Response Research.

Treatment response heterogeneity and individual responses following exercise training are topics of interest for personalized medicine. Proposed methods to determine the contribution of exercise to the magnitude of treatment response heterogeneity and categorizing participants have expanded and evolved. Setting clear research objectives and having a comprehensive understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the available methods are vital to ensure the correct study design and analytical approach are used.

Variability in physical function for patients living with breast cancer during a 12-week exercise program.

Purpose: To describe the variability during weekly performance on physical function tests during a 12-week individualized exercise program for patients with breast cancer and to test if the expected improvements in physical function surpass the minimally clinically important difference (MCID), after accounting for week-to-week variance.

Methods: Twenty-five participants, 19 years and older living with breast cancer within 2 years of their initial diagnosis, were recruited. Some participants were undergoing active treatment, while others completed their treatment.

Difference in total workload during sprint interval training for adults living with or without obesity.

Purpose: The primary objective of the study was to compare the implications of body composition on work volume, power outputs (peak, mean, and minimum), and relative drop load throughout 4 weeks of sprint interval training (SIT) in individuals living with and without obesity.

Methods: Thirty-four participants living with (n = 16) and without (n = 18) obesity took part in 12 sessions of SIT over 4 weeks. SIT consisted of repeated 30-s Wingate with a drop load of 7.

Effects of sprint interval training on substrate oxidation in adults living with and without obesity: The i-FLEX study.

Metabolic flexibility is the ability to adapt substrate oxidation according to metabolic demand. Exercise increases fat oxidation responses in individuals living with obesity; however, limited research exists on the relationship between substrate oxidation and insulin sensitivity after sprint interval training (SIT). The primary objective was to investigate changes in substrate oxidation at rest and during submaximal exercise, and in insulin sensitivity after 4 weeks of SIT in individuals living with or without obesity.

Impact of acute circuit training on irisin in younger and older overweight adults.

Studies show aerobic exercise increases irisin and leads to health benefits. The impact of circuit training (CT) on irisin in overweight younger and older adults is unknown. The objectives were to determine whether, during an acute bout of CT, changes in irisin differed between overweight younger and older adults, and if irisin is associated with body composition, fitness level, or muscle strength.

Can non-responders be 'rescued' by increasing exercise intensity? A quasi-experimental trial of individual responses among humans living with pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus in Canada.

Introduction: Exercise is recommended to improve glycaemic control. Yet, individual changes in glycaemic control following exercise can vary greatly, meaning while some significantly improve others, coined 'non-responders', do not. Increasing the intensity of exercise may 'rescue' non-responders and help generate a response to training.