Role of high-risk antibiotic use in incidence of health-care-associated Clostridioides difficile infection in Quebec, Canada: a population-level ecological study.

Background: The incidence of health-care-associated Clostridioides difficile infections has been declining in the Canadian province of Quebec since 2015. We examined whether changes in high-risk antibiotic use could account for this decrease, as reported in other jurisdictions.

Methods: We did a retrospective interrupted time-series analysis of 12 hospitals in the Canadian province of Quebec, representing a quarter of all health-care-associated C difficile infections in this region between April 1, 2012, and March 31, 2017.

Increased Community-Associated Clostridioides difficile Infections in Quebec, Canada, 2008-2015.

The annual incidence rate of community-associated Clostridioides difficile infections in Quebec, Canada, has increased by 33.3%, from 0.51 (2008) to 0.

Changes in vascular accesses and in incidence rates of dialysis-related bloodstream infections in Québec, Canada, 2011-2017.

Objective: Surveillance of dialysis-related bloodstream infections (DRBSIs) has been mandatory in Québec since April 2011. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of DRBSIs in Québec.

Methods: Cohort study of prevalent patients undergoing chronic dialysis in the 36 facilities that participated without interruption in the provincial surveillance, between April 2011 and March 2017.

Healthcare-associated bloodstream infection trends under a provincial surveillance program.

Objective: BACTOT, Quebec's healthcare-associated bloodstream infection (HABSI) surveillance program has been operating since 2007. In this study, we evaluated the changes in HABSI rates across 10 years of BACTOT surveillance under a Bayesian framework.

Design: A retrospective, cohort study of eligible hospitals having participated in BACTOT for at least 3 years, regardless of their entry date.

A ten-year review of healthcare-associated bloodstream infections from forty hospitals in Québec, Canada.

Objective: Healthcare-associated bloodstream infections (HABSI) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Québec, Canada, HABSI arising from acute-care hospitals have been monitored since April 2007 through the Surveillance des bactériémies nosocomiales panhospitalières (BACTOT) program, but this is the first detailed description of HABSI epidemiology.

Methods: This retrospective, descriptive study was conducted using BACTOT surveillance data from hospitals that participated continuously between April 1, 2007, and March 31, 2017.

Hospital-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections in Québec: Impact of Guidelines.

OBJECTIVE We examined the impact of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) guidelines in Québec adult hospitals from January 1, 2006, to March 31, 2015, by examining the incidence rate reduction (IRR) in healthcare-associated MRSA bloodstream infections (HA-MRSA), using central-line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) as a comparator. METHODS In this study, we utilized a quasi-experimental design with Poisson segmented regression to model HA-MRSA and CLABSI incidence for successive 4-week surveillance segments, stratified by teaching status. We used 3 distinct periods with 2 break points (April 1, 2007, and January 3, 2010) corresponding to major MRSA guideline publications and updates.

Human parainfluenza type 4 infections, Canada.

During the fall/winter season of 2004–05, we found 9 respiratory specimens positive for human parainfluenza virus type 4 (HPIV-4) in our laboratory (43% of all HPIVs) from patients with mild to moderate respiratory illnesses. Sequencing studies identified 8 different HPIV-4A strains and 1 HPIV-4B strain.

Virological features and clinical manifestations associated with human metapneumovirus: a new paramyxovirus responsible for acute respiratory-tract infections in all age groups.

The virological features and clinical findings associated with the new human metapneumovirus (HMPV) were examined retrospectively in Canadian patients hospitalized for various respiratory conditions since 1993. Thirty-eight previously unidentified respiratory viruses isolated from rhesus monkey kindey (LLC-MK2) cells were found to be positive for HMPV by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and those strains clustered in 2 phylogenetic groups. Children aged <5 years and elderly subjects aged >65 years represented 35.