In vivo recovery of the injured anal sphincter after repair and injection of myogenic stem cells: an experimental model.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate in vivo function of the external anal sphincter after transection and repair augmented with myogenic stem cells, and to establish normative electromyography parameters of the rodent external anal sphincter.

Design And Setting: Thirty-three Sprague-Dawley rodents underwent baseline needle electromyography of the external anal sphincter. Motor unit action potentials were obtained and normative parameters established.

Patient characteristics associated with a successful pessary fitting.

Objective: : The objective of the study was to assess if patient characteristics, including Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification measurements, are predictive of successful pessary fitting in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and/or incontinence.

Methods: : This was a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent a pessary fitting for POP and/or incontinence. Multiple demographic parameters, pessary fitting data, and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification measurements were examined.

DNA damage-binding proteins and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 function as constitutive KCS element components of the interferon-inducible RNA-dependent protein kinase promoter.

Protein kinase regulated by RNA (PKR) plays important roles in many cellular processes including virus multiplication and cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. The promoter of the PKR gene possesses a novel 15-bp element designated KCS, positioned upstream of a consensus interferon (IFN)-stimulated response element, that is required for both basal and interferon-inducible transcription. Protein binding to the KCS element is not dependent upon IFN treatment and correlates with transcriptional activity of the PKR promoter.

Functional analysis of the KCS-like element of the interferon-inducible RNA-specific adenosine deaminase ADAR1 promoter.

The ADAR1 gene encodes an RNA-specific adenosine deaminase that alters the functional activity of both viral and cellular RNAs by posttranscriptional adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing. The interferon (IFN) responsive PI promoter of the ADAR1 gene possesses an IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) responsible for IFN-inducibility, as well as an adjacent upstream sequence, designated kinase conserved sequence-like (KCS-l) element. The KCS-l element is similar to the 15-bp KCS element so far unique to the human and mouse RNA-dependent PKR kinase gene promoters.

The promoter-proximal KCS element of the PKR kinase gene enhances transcription irrespective of orientation and position relative to the ISRE element and is functionally distinct from the KCS-like element of the ADAR deaminase Promoter.

The RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR promoter is interferon (IFN) inducible and possesses a novel 15-base pair (bp) constitutive activator element, designated kinase conserved sequence (KCS), in addition to an IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE). Deletion of the KCS element or point mutations within the KCS element greatly reduce both basal and IFN-inducible PKR promoter activity. The IFN-inducible RNA-specific adenosine deaminase ADAR1 promoter possesses a KCS-like (KCS-l) element.