Sharp recanalization of CBD occlusion in patient with second orthotropic liver transplant with cocoon syndrome.

Biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) remain one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality in liver transplant recipients with an approximate incidence between 5% and 32%. Given the limited supply of hepatic grafts, one of the most feared outcomes as a result of biliary complications is acute and or chronic graft failure. Biliary complications include leaks, biliary stasis, and stone formation, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, recurrence of biliary disease (primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis), and biliary strictures/obstruction.

Dual-layer spectral CT virtual-non-contrast images aid in parathyroid adenoma analysis and radiation dose reduction: confirmation of findings from dual-energy CT.

4D-parathyroid CT scans have become a mainstay in the evaluation and pre-surgical planning for parathyroid adenomas. Most protocols typically rely on non-contrast images, prior to the arterial and delayed phases. Previous reports with dual-energy CT imaging have highlighted the utility of virtual non-contrast images to help reduce radiation dose while maintaining diagnostic accuracy.