Latino-White Disparities in Identification and Control of Elevated Blood Pressure Among Adults With Hypertension.

Background: Studies analyzing blood pressure (BP) management using the hypertension control cascade have consistently shown disparities in hypertension awareness, treatment, and BP control between Latino patients and non-Latino White patients. We analyze this cascade using electronic health record data from a multistate network of community health centers.

Methods And Results: Data from 790 clinics in 23 US states from 2012 to 2020, including 1 270 174 patients, were analyzed to compare BP documentation in the electronic health record, clinician acknowledgment (diagnosis or treatment) of incident hypertension (BP ≥140/90), medication prescription, and BP control between non-Latino White patients, English-preferring Latino patients, and Spanish-preferring Latino patients, adjusted for patient-level covariates, and clustered on patients' primary clinics.

Policy solutions to eliminate racial and ethnic child health disparities in the USA.

Societal systems act individually and in combination to create and perpetuate structural racism through both policies and practices at the local, state, and federal levels, which, in turn, generate racial and ethnic health disparities. Both current and historical policy approaches across multiple sectors-including housing, employment, health insurance, immigration, and criminal legal-have the potential to affect child health equity. Such policies must be considered with a focus on structural racism to understand which have the potential to eliminate or at least attenuate disparities.

Region of origin and cervical cancer stage in multiethnic Hispanic/Latinx patients living in the United States.

Background: Hispanic/Latinx people have the second highest cervical cancer incidence rates in the U.S. However, there is a lack of disaggregated data on clinical outcomes for this diverse and populous group, which is critical to direct resources and funding where they are most needed.

Facing a dual threat: Pandemic stress and immigration policy vulnerability on mental health among Latinx immigrant parents.

Background: Exclusionary immigration policies rooted in structural racism threaten the wellbeing of Latinx families, increasing stress, anxiety, depression, and distress among immigrant parents. The COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating and disproportionate impacts on communities of color with unique impacts on Latinx immigrant parents in mixed-status families.

Aims: From a syndemic theory lens, we explored the convergence of structural racism and the COVID-19 pandemic to explore if the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic may compound harmful immigration-related policies.

Inequities in referrals to a breast cancer risk assessment and prevention clinic: a mixed methods study.

Background: Inequitable access to personalized breast cancer screening and prevention may compound racial and ethnic disparities in outcomes. The Breast Cancer Personalized Risk Assessment, Education and Prevention (B-PREP) program, located within the Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) Comprehensive Breast Health Center (BHC), provides care to patients at high risk for developing breast cancer. We sought to characterize the differences between BWH primary care patients referred specifically to B-PREP for risk evaluation and those referred to the BHC for benign breast conditions.

Immigration Enforcement Climate in Georgia and the Mental Health of Latinx Immigrants.

Introduction: Immigrant-related social policies and immigration enforcement contribute to a sociopolitical environment that affects immigrants' health. This exploratory study in six metro-Atlanta counties examined associations among immigrants' perceived vulnerability to harmful immigrant-related social policies and county-level 287(g) agreements (which facilitate cooperation between local law enforcement and federal immigration authorities), county-level immigration enforcement levels (arrests, community arrests, detainers, and removals), and immigrants' mental health.

Methods: Using data from a 2020 study among Latinx parents who were undocumented or members of mixed-status families (N = 140), we merged data on individuals' perceived policy vulnerability and depressive and anxiety symptoms with county 287(g) status and immigration enforcement levels.

Answering calls for rigorous health equity research: a cross-sectional study leveraging electronic health records for data disaggregation in Latinos.

Introduction: Country of birth/nativity information may be crucial to understanding health equity in Latino populations and is routinely called for in health services literature assessing cardiovascular disease and risk, but is not thought to co-occur with longitudinal, objective health information such as that found in electronic health records (EHRs).

Methods: We used a multistate network of community health centres to describe the extent to which country of birth is recorded in EHRs in Latinos, and to describe demographic features and cardiovascular risk profiles by country of birth. We compared geographical/demographic/clinical characteristics, from 2012 to 2020 (9 years of data), of 914 495 Latinos recorded as US-born, non-US-born and without a country of birth recorded.

Involvement in Chemotherapy Decision Making among Patients with Stage II and III Colon Cancer.

Unlabelled: To explore preferred and actual involvement in chemotherapy decision making among stage II and III colon cancer (CC) patients by sociodemographic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal communication factors. Cross-sectional exploratory study collecting self-reported survey data from stage II and III CC patients from 2 cancer centers located in northern Manhattan. Of 88 patients approached, 56 completed the survey.

Disaggregating Latino nativity in equity research using electronic health records.

Objective: To develop and validate prediction models for inference of Latino nativity to advance health equity research.

Data Sources/study Setting: This study used electronic health records (EHRs) from 19,985 Latino children with self-reported country of birth seeking care from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2018 at 456 community health centers (CHCs) across 15 states along with census-tract geocoded neighborhood composition and surname data.

Study Design: We constructed and evaluated the performance of prediction models within a broad machine learning framework (Super Learner) for the estimation of Latino nativity.

Current Family Functioning and Youth Cardiometabolic Health in the SOL Youth Study.

Background: Family functioning may impact children's cardiometabolic health; however, few studies have examined multiple cardiometabolic markers among a diverse racial/ethnic cohort. The relationship between child- and caregiver-reported family functioning and the cardiometabolic health of Hispanic/Latino youth was examined.

Method: Data were from the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth) (2012-2014), a population-based cohort study of children and adolescents whose parents participated in the HCHS/SOL (2008-2011).

Self-rated health of both US citizens and noncitizens is associated with state-level immigrant criminalization policies.

Evidence shows that state-level restrictive immigrant policies are associated with health disparities between noncitizens and citizens. Most research has focused on Latinos and there is limited knowledge of the relationship between restrictive policies and citizenship status among other groups, particularly Asian and Pacific Islanders (API). We examined whether state-level criminalization policy contexts (e.

Immigrant-Related Policies and the Health Outcomes of Latinx Adults in the United States: A Systematic Review.

Background: US federal and subfederal immigrant-related policy activity has increased in recent years. We hypothesize that these policies are structural determinants of health for Latinx communities, operating through access to resources, discriminatory enforcement, and stress.

Methods: We searched seven databases for quantitative studies, published as of September 2021, examining the association between the presence of federal, state, or local immigrant-related policy(ies), over time or cross-sectionally, and mental or physical health outcomes among immigrant or US-born Latinx adults.

Examining the impact of the Cultural Gap Narrative on Family Functioning and Youth Substance Use among the Health Study/Study of latino Youth (HCHS/SOL Youth) population.

The acculturation gap theory provides a complex illustration of how cultural orientations affect health behaviors among adolescents, by assuming that familial cultural orientation gaps lead to compromised family functioning and children adopting negative health behaviors. This analysis used three methods to conceptualize cultural gaps to examine the relationships between familial cultural orientation gaps and family functioning and substance use susceptibility among the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Hispanic/Latino Youth population. Results did not support the assumptions behind the acculturation gap theory.

Patient perspectives on treatment decision-making under clinical uncertainty: chemotherapy treatment decisions among stage II colon cancer patients.

The decision to use adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) after surgical resection for stage II colon cancer remains an area of clinical uncertainty. Many patients diagnosed with stage II colon cancer receive ACT, despite inconclusive evidence of long-term clinical benefit. This study investigates patient experiences and perceptions of treatment decision-making and shared decision making (SDM) for ACT among patients diagnosed with stage II colon cancer.

Federal, State, and Local Immigrant-Related Policies and Child Health Outcomes: a Systematic Review.

The passage of US immigrant-related policies at the federal, state, and local level is on the rise. These policies may affect child health through several mechanisms. We performed a systematic review of English-language, peer-reviewed, quantitative studies examining US immigrant-related policies and the mental and physical health of youth in immigrant families.

Association of Maternal Nativity Status and Race/Ethnicity on Emergency Department Utilization Among Children in Vulnerable Families.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the role of mothers' nativity and race/ethnicity on their children's emergency department utilization.

Methods: Data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study was used for the analyses. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted to compare use of ED services between children of foreign-born versus US-born mothers within different racial groups.

The weathering hypothesis as an explanation for racial disparities in health: a systematic review.

Purpose: The weathering hypothesis states that chronic exposure to social and economic disadvantage leads to accelerated decline in physical health outcomes and could partially explain racial disparities in a wide array of health conditions. This systematic review summarizes the literature empirically testing the weathering hypothesis and assesses the quality of the evidence regarding weathering as a determinant of racial disparities in health.

Methods: Databases (Web of Science, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase) were searched for studies published in English up to July 1, 2017.

Use of social network analysis in the development, dissemination, implementation, and sustainability of health behavior interventions for adults: A systematic review.

Interest in conceptualizing, measuring, and applying social network analysis (SNA) in public health has grown tremendously in recent years. While these studies have broadened our understanding of the role that social networks play in health, there has been less research that has investigated the application of SNA to inform health-related interventions. This systematic review aimed to capture the current applied use of SNA in the development, dissemination, implementation, and sustainability of health behavior interventions for adults.

Decision-making under clinical uncertainty: An in-depth examination of provider perspectives on adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colon cancer.

Objective: Decision-making about adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) for stage II colon cancer is complex, particularly in light of clinical uncertainty regarding treatment benefits. Little is known about provider communication and factors influencing decision-making and recommendations in this setting.

Methods: We recruited providers from six US cancer centers and hospitals who care for stage II colon cancer patients.

Depressive Symptoms, Antidepressant Use, and Hypertension in Young Adulthood.

Background: Among adults, depressive symptoms are associated with higher rates of cardiovascular disease; however, the evidence is mixed regarding the association between depressive symptoms and hypertension, especially among young adults. The deleterious effects of some antidepressant medications on blood pressure may contribute to mixed findings.

Methods: Adolescents enrolled in Add Health (N = 11,183) (1994-2008) completed an abbreviated Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale at three waves (mean ages, 16, 22, and 29).