Vocal fold surface hydration: a review.

Vocal fold surface liquid homeostasis contributes to optimal vocal physiology. In this paper we review emerging evidence that vocal fold surface liquid is maintained in part by salt and water fluxes across the epithelium. Based on recent immunolocalization and electrophysiological findings, we describe a transcellular pathway as one mechanism for regulating superficial vocal fold hydration.

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and chloride-dependent ion fluxes of ovine vocal fold epithelium.

Purpose: Ion-driven transepithelial water fluxes participate in maintaining superficial vocal fold hydration, which is necessary for normal voice production. The authors hypothesized that Cl(-) channels are present in vocal fold epithelial cells and that transepithelial Cl(-) fluxes can be manipulated pharmacologically.

Method: Immunohistochemical assays were used to identify cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator Cl(-) channels in ovine vocal fold mucosae (n = 2).